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BS IEC 60826:2017 Overhead transmission lines. Design criteria, 2017
- 30247213-VOR.pdf [Go to Page]
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Terms and definitions
- 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
- 4 General [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Objective
- 4.2 System design
- 4.3 System reliability
- 5 General design criteria [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Methodology [Go to Page]
- 5.1.1 General
- 5.1.2 Reliability requirements
- 5.1.3 Security requirements
- 5.1.4 Safety requirements
- 5.2 Load-strength requirements [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 Climatic loads
- 5.2.2 Design requirements for the system
- 5.2.3 Design formula for each component
- 6 Loadings [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Description
- 6.2 Climatic loads, wind and associated temperatures [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 General
- 6.2.2 Field of application
- 6.2.3 Terrain roughness
- 6.2.4 Reference wind speed VR
- 6.2.5 Assessment of meteorological measurements
- 6.2.6 Determination from gradient wind velocities
- 6.2.7 Combination of wind speed and temperatures
- 6.2.8 Number of supports subjected in wind action, effect of length of line
- 6.2.9 Unit action of the wind speed on any line component or element
- 6.2.10 Evaluation of wind loads on line components and elements
- 6.3 Climatic loads, ice without wind [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 Description
- 6.3.2 Ice data
- 6.3.3 Evaluation of yearly maximum ice load by means of meteorological data analysis
- 6.3.4 Reference limit ice load
- 6.3.5 Temperature during icing
- 6.3.6 Loads on support
- 6.4 Climatic loads, combined wind and ice loadings [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 General
- 6.4.2 Combined probabilities – Principle proposed
- 6.4.3 Determination of ice load
- 6.4.4 Determination of coincident temperature
- 6.4.5 Determination of wind speed associated with icing conditions
- 6.4.6 Drag coefficients of ice-covered conductors
- 6.4.7 Determination of loads on supports
- 6.5 Loads for construction and maintenance (safety loads) [Go to Page]
- 6.5.1 General
- 6.5.2 Erection of supports
- 6.5.3 Construction stringing and sagging
- 6.5.4 Maintenance loads
- 6.6 Loads for failure containment (security requirements) [Go to Page]
- 6.6.1 General
- 6.6.2 Security requirements
- 6.6.3 Security related loads – Torsional, longitudinal and additional security measures
- 7 Strength of components and limit states [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 General formulas for the strength of components [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 General
- 7.2.2 Values of strength factor ΦN
- 7.2.3 General basis for strength coordination
- 7.2.4 Strength factor ΦS related to the coordination of strength
- 7.2.5 Methods for calculating strength coordination factors ΦS
- 7.3 Data related to the calculation of components [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Limit states for line components
- 7.3.2 Strength data of line components
- 7.3.3 Support design strength
- 7.3.4 Foundation design strength
- 7.3.5 Conductor and ground wire design criteria
- 7.3.6 Insulator string design criteria
- Annexes [Go to Page]
- Annex A (informative) Technical information – Strength of line components [Go to Page]
- A.1 Calculation of characteristic strength
- Annex B (informative) Formulas of curves and figures [Go to Page]
- B.1 General
- B.2 Formula for Gc – Figure 4
- B.3 Formula for GL – Figure 5
- B.4 Formula for Gt – Figure 6
- B.5 Formula for Cxt – Figure 8 (flat-sided members)
- B.6 Formula for Cxt – Figure 9 (round-sided members)
- B.7 Formulas for Cxtc – Figure 10
- Annex C (informative) Atmospheric icing [Go to Page]
- C.1 General
- C.2 Precipitation icing [Go to Page]
- C.2.1 Freezing rain
- C.2.2 Wet snow
- C.3 Dry ice
- C.4 In-cloud icing
- C.5 Physical properties of ice
- C.6 Meteorological parameters controlling ice accretion
- C.7 Terrain influences [Go to Page]
- C.7.1 In-cloud icing
- C.7.2 Precipitation icing
- C.8 Guidelines for the implementation of an ice observation program
- C.9 Ice data [Go to Page]
- C.9.1 Influence of height and conductor diameter
- C.9.2 The effect of icing on structures
- C.10 Combined wind and ice loadings [Go to Page]
- C.10.1 Combined probabilities
- C.10.2 Drag coefficients of ice-covered conductors
- Annex D (informative) Application of statistical distribution functions to load and strength of overhead lines
- Annex E (informative) Effect of span variation on load-strength relationship – Calculation of span use factor [Go to Page]
- E.1 General
- E.2 Effect of use factor on load reduction and its calculation
- Annex F (normative) Conductor tension limits [Go to Page]
- F.1 General
- F.2 Limits for lines with short spans
- F.3 Recommended conductor limit tensions [Go to Page]
- F.3.1 Initial tension limit
- F.3.2 Maximum final tension limit
- F.4 Benefits from reducing conductor tensions
- Annex G (informative) Methods of calculation for wind speed up effects due to local topography [Go to Page]
- G.1 Application
- G.2 Notes on application
- Bibliography
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Diagram of a transmission line
- Figure 2 – Transmission line design methodology
- Figure 3 – Relationship between meteorological wind velocities at a height of 10 m depending on terrain category and on averaging period
- Figure 4 – Combined wind factor Gc for conductors for various terrain categories and heights above ground
- Figure 5 – Span factor GL
- Figure 6 – Combined wind factor Gt applicable to supports and insulator strings
- Figure 7 – Definition of the angle of incidence of wind
- Figure 8 – Drag coefficient Cxt for lattice supports made of flat sided members
- Figure 9 – Drag coefficient Cxt for lattice supports made of rounded members
- Figure 10 – Drag coefficient Cxtc of cylindrical elements having a large diameter
- Figure 11 – Factor Kd related to the conductor diameter
- Figure 12 – Factor Kh related to the conductor height
- Figure 13 – Typical support types
- Figure 14 – Equivalent cylindrical shape of ice deposit
- Figure 15 – Simulated longitudinal conductor load (case of a single circuit support)
- Figure 16 – Diagram of limit states of line components
- Figure C.1 – Type of accreted in-cloud icing as a function of wind speed and temperature
- Figure C.2 – Strategy flow chart for utilizing meteorological data, icing models and field measurements of ice loads
- Figure G.1 – Diagram of typical topographical cross-section
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Reliability levels for transmission lines
- Table 2 – Default γT factors for adjustment of climatic loads in relation to return period T versus 50 years
- Table 3 – Design requirements for the system
- Table 4 – Classification of terrain categories
- Table 5 – Factors describing wind action depending on terrain category
- Table 6 – Correction factor τ of dynamic reference wind pressure q0 due to altitude and temperatures
- Table 7 – Drag coefficient of polygonal pole sections
- Table 8 – Drag coefficient of structures having a triangular section
- Table 9 – Statistical parameters of ice loads
- Table 10 – Non-uniform ice loading conditions
- Table 11 – Return period of combined ice and wind load
- Table 12 – Drag coefficients of ice-covered conductors
- Table 13 – Additional security measures
- Table 14 – Number of supports subjected to maximum load intensity during any single occurrence of a climatic event
- Table 15 – Strength factor ΦN related to the number N of components or elements subjected to the critical load intensity
- Table 16 – Values of ΦS2
- Table 17 – Typical strength coordination of line components
- Table 18 – Damage and failure limits of supports
- Table 19 – Damage and failure limits of foundations
- Table 20 – Damage and failure limits of conductors and ground wires
- Table 21 – Damage and failure limit of interface components
- Table 22 – Default values for strength coefficients of variation (COV)
- Table 23 – u factors for log-normal distribution function for e = 10 %
- Table 24 – Value of quality factor ΦQ for lattice towers
- Table A.1 – Values of ue associated to exclusion limits
- Table C.1 – Physical properties of ice
- Table C.2 – Meteorological parameters controlling ice accretion
- Table C.3 – Approximate values of ice weights on lattice structures
- Table C.4 – Combined wind and ice loading conditions
- Table C.5 – Drag coefficients and density of ice-covered conductors
- Table D.1 – Parameters C1 and C2 of Gumbel distribution
- Table D.2 – Ratios of x / for a Gumbel distribution function, T return period in years of loading event, n number of years with observations, vx coefficient of variation
- Table E.1 – Use factor coefficient γu
- Table F.1 – Variation of conductor sag with catenary parameter C
- Table F.2 – Conductor tensioning – recommended catenary parameter limits
- Table G. 1 – Values of μ and γ [Go to Page]