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, 2024
- ASHRAE-Standard-15-2024 [Go to Page]
- ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2024 [Go to Page]
- Contents
- Foreword
- 1. purpose
- 2. Scope [Go to Page]
- 2.1 This standard establishes safeguards for life, limb, health, and property and prescribes safety requirements.
- 2.2 This standard applies to the following:
- 2.3 This standard shall not apply to refrigeration systems using ammonia (R-717) as the refrigerant.
- 2.4 This standard does not apply to residential refrigeration systems serving only a single dwelling unit or sleeping unit complying with ASHRAE Standard 15.2.2
- 3. Definitions [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Defined Terms
- 3.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Initialisms
- 4. Occupancy Classification [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Locations of refrigeration systems are described by occupancy classifications that consider the ability of people to respond to potential exposure to refrigerant as follows.
- 4.2 Equipment, other than piping, located outside a building and within 20 ft (6.1 m) of any building opening shall be governed by the occupancy classification of the building.
- 5. Refrigeration System Classification [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Refrigeration Systems. Refrigeration systems are defined by the method employed for extracting or delivering heat as follows (see Figure 5-1).
- 5.2 Refrigeration System Classification. For the purpose of applying the data shown in ASHRAE Standard 34,3 Table 4-1 or 4-2, a refrigeration system shall be classified according to the degree of probability that a leakage of refrigerant will enter a...
- 5.3 Changing Refrigerant. Changes of refrigerant in an existing refrigeration system to a refrigerant with a different refrigerant designation shall only be allowed where in accordance with Sections 5.3.1 through 5.3.4.
- 6. Refrigerant Safety Classification [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Refrigerants shall be assigned safety classifications in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34.3
- 6.2 Refrigerants with a refrigerant number designation in the referenced edition of ASHRAE Standard 34 3 shall use the indicated toxicity classification and flammability classification when a safety group classification is assigned by ASHRAE Standard 34
- 6.3 Refrigerants without a refrigerant number designation or without a safety group classification in the referenced edition of ASHRAE Standard 34 3 shall be classified in accordance with the criteria in ASHRAE Standard 34, whether as a single-compou...
- 7. Restrictions on Refrigerant Use [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General. The occupancy, refrigeration system, and refrigerant safety classifications cited in this section shall be determined in accordance with Sections 4, 5, and 6, respectively.
- 7.2* Volume Calculations
- 7.3 Refrigerant Charge Limits. The EDVC shall be calculated in accordance with this section. All refrigeration systems shall follow the compliance path in Figures 7-1 and 7-2 and the limitation of Section 7.3.2.
- 7.4 Location in a Machinery Room or Outdoors. All components containing refrigerant shall be located either in a machinery room or outdoors, where the quantity of refrigerant needed exceeds the limits defined by Sections 7.2 and 7.3. Refrigeration sy...
- 7.5 Additional Restrictions
- 7.6* High-Probability Air Conditioners, Heat Pumps, and Dehumidifiers Using Group A2L Refrigerants. Air conditioners, heat pumps, or dehumidifiers classified as high-probability systems, and within the scope of UL 484 11 or UL 60335-2-40 5/CSA C22.2 ...
- 7.7* High-Probability Commercial Refrigeration Systems Using Group A2L Refrigerants. High-probability systems using Group A2L refrigerants for commercial refrigeration applications within the scope of UL 60335-2-89 7/CSA C22.2 No. 60335-2-89 8 shall ...
- 7.8* High-Probability Commercial Refrigeration Systems Using Group A2 Refrigerants. High-probability systems using Group A2 refrigerants for commercial refrigeration applications within the scope of UL 60335-2-89 7/CSA C22.2 No. 60335-2-89 8 shall co...
- 8. Installation Restrictions [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Foundations. Foundations and supports for condensing units or compressor units shall be of noncombustible construction and capable of supporting loads imposed by such units. Isolation materials, such as rubber, are permissible between the foundat...
- 8.2 Guards. Moving machinery shall be guarded in accordance with approved safety standards.14
- 8.3 Safe Access. A clear and unobstructed approach and space shall be provided for inspection, service, and emergency shutdown of condensing units, compressor units, condensers, stop valves, and other serviceable components of machinery. Permanent la...
- 8.4 Water Connections. Water supply and discharge connections shall be made in accordance with the requirements of the AHJ.
- 8.5 Electrical Safety. Electrical equipment and wiring shall be installed in accordance with the National Electric Code® (NFPA 70) 4 and the requirements of the AHJ.
- 8.6 Gas Fuel Equipment. Gas fuel devices and equipment used with refrigeration systems shall be installed in accordance with approved safety standards and the requirements of the AHJ.
- 8.7 Air Duct Installation. Air duct systems of air conditioners, heat pumps, or dehumidifiers classified as a high-probability system and using mechanical refrigeration shall be installed in accordance with approved safety standards, the requirements...
- 8.8 Refrigerant Parts in Air Duct. All field-installed refrigerant-containing parts, including joints, of a refrigeration system located in an air duct carrying conditioned air to and from an occupied space shall be constructed to withstand a tempera...
- 8.9 Machinery Room, General Requirements. When a refrigeration system is located indoors and a machinery room is required by Section 7.4, the machinery room shall be in accordance with the following provisions.
- 8.10 Machinery Room, Special Requirements. In cases specified in Section 7.4, a machinery room shall meet the following special requirements in addition to those in Section 8.9:
- 8.11 Machinery Room, Special Requirements, A2L and B2L. In cases specified in Section 7.4, and when a refrigeration system is located indoors, machinery rooms shall comply with Sections 8.11.1 through 8.11.10 in addition to Sections 8.9.1 through 8.9.4.
- 8.12 When a refrigeration system is located outdoors more than 20 ft (6.1 m) from building openings and is enclosed by a penthouse, lean-to, or other open structure, natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided. The requirements for such natur...
- 8.13 Purge Discharge. The discharge from purge systems shall be governed by the same rules as pressure relief devices and fusible plugs (see Section 9.7.8) and shall be piped in conjunction with these devices.
- 9. Design and Construction of Refrigeration Equipment and Systems [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Materials
- 9.2 Refrigeration System Design Pressure
- 9.3 Refrigerant-Containing Pressure Vessels
- 9.4 Pressure Relief Protection
- 9.5 Setting of Pressure Relief Devices. Overpressure protection of pressure vessels required by this standard shall conform to the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,15 Section VIII or XIII, Division 1, paragraphs UG-154 and UG-155.
- 9.6 Marking of Relief Devices and Fusible Plugs
- 9.7 Pressure Vessel Protection
- 9.8 Positive Displacement Compressor Protection. Every positive displacement compressor with a stop valve in the discharge connection shall be equipped with a pressure relief device of adequate size and pressure setting, as specified by the compresso...
- 9.9 Pressure Limiting Devices
- 9.10 Refrigerant Piping, Valves, Fittings, and Related Parts
- 9.11 Joints and Connections
- 9.12 Refrigerant Pipe Installation
- 9.13 Refrigeration System Testing
- 9.14 Components Other than Pressure Vessels and Piping
- 9.15 Service Provisions
- 9.16 Factory Tests
- 9.17 Nameplate. Each unit system and each separate condensing unit, compressor, or compressor unit sold for field assembly in a refrigeration system shall carry a nameplate marked with the manufacturer’s name, nationally registered trademark or tra...
- 10. General Requirements [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Signs and Identification
- 10.2* Charging, Withdrawal, and Disposition of Refrigerants. No service containers shall be left connected to a refrigeration system except while charging or withdrawing refrigerant. Refrigerants withdrawn from refrigeration systems shall be transfer...
- 10.3* Storing Refrigerant. The total amount of refrigerant stored in a machinery room in all containers not provided with relief valves and piping in accordance with Section 9.4 shall not exceed 330 lb (150 kg). Refrigerant shall be stored in approve...
- 10.4 Maintenance. Refrigeration systems shall be maintained by the user in a clean condition, free from accumulations of oily dirt, waste, and other debris, and shall be kept accessible at all times.
- 10.5 Responsibility for Operation and Emergency Shutdown. It shall be the duty of the person in charge of the premises on which a refrigeration system containing more than 55 lb (25 kg) of refrigerant is installed to provide a schematic drawing or pa...
- 11. Precedence with Conflicting Requirements [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Conflicts within this Standard. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement in this standard, the specific requirement shall govern.
- 11.2 Conflicts with Other Codes. Where there is a conflict between this standard and local building, electrical, fire, mechanical, or other adopted codes, their provisions shall take precedence unless otherwise stated in those codes. No provision in ...
- 12. Listed Equipment
- 13. Normative References
- Informative Appendix A: Explanatory Material
- Informative Appendix B: Informative References
- Informative Appendix C: Method for Calculating Discharge Capacity of Positive Displacement Compressor Pressure Relief Device
- Informative Appendix D: Typical Moody Friction Factors for Use in Relief Piping Line Length Limit
- Normative Appendix E: Allowable Equivalent Length of Discharge Piping
- Informative Appendix F: Emergencies in Machinery Rooms [Go to Page]
- F1. Alarm Levels
- F2. Alternate Refrigerant Level Measurements
- F3. Reentry into Machinery Rooms
- F4. Example Emergency Procedures
- Informative Appendix G: Addenda Description
- ASHRAE-Standard-34-2024 [Go to Page]
- ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2024 [Go to Page]
- Contents
- Foreword
- 1. Purpose
- 2. Scope
- 3. Definitions [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Defined Terms
- 3.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Initialisms
- 4. Numbering of Refrigerants [Go to Page]
- 4.1 The identifying numbers assigned to the hydrocarbons, halocarbons, and ethers of the methane, ethane, ethene, propane, propene, butane, butene, cyclobutane, and cyclobutene series are such that the chemical composition of the compounds can be exp...
- 4.2 For cyclic derivatives, the letter “C” is used before the identifying refrigerant numbers.
- 4.3 Ether-based refrigerants shall be designated with the prefix “E” (for ethers) immediately preceding the number.
- 4.4 Blends shall be identified by the designations assigned in this standard. Blends without assigned designations shall be identified by their compositions, listing the components in order of increasing normal boiling points separated by slashes, fo...
- 4.5 Miscellaneous organic compounds shall be assigned numbers in the 600 series in decadal groups, as outlined in Table 4-1, in serial order of designation within the groups. For the saturated hydrocarbons with four to eight carbon atoms, the number ...
- 4.6 Inorganic compounds shall be assigned numbers in the 700 and 7000 series.
- 5. Designation [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General. This section provides guidance on prefixes for refrigerants to improve uniformity in order to promote understanding. Both technical and nontechnical designations are provided to be selected based on the nature and audience of the use.
- 5.2 Identification. Refrigerants shall be identified in accordance with Section 5.2.1, 5.2.2, or 5.2.3. Section 5.2.1 shall be used in technical publications (for international uniformity and to preserve archival consistency), on equipment nameplates...
- 5.3 Other prefixes, including “ACFC” and “HFA,” for “alternative to chlorofluorocarbons” and “hydrofluorocarbon alternative,” respectively, shall not be used. Similarly, neither “FC” nor “CFC” shall be used as universal prefix...
- 5.4 The convention specified in Section 5.2.1 can be complemented with pertinent data, when appropriate, as a preferred alternative to composition designating prefixes in technical communications. For example, the first mention of R-12 in a discussio...
- 6. Safety Group Classifications [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Refrigerants shall be classified into safety groups according to the following criteria.
- 6.2 Other Standards. The safety group classification, in accordance with Section 6.1, is to be used in conjunction with other relevant safety standards, such as ASHRAE Standard 15.18
- 7. Refrigerant Concentration Limit [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Single-Compound Refrigerants. The refrigerant concentration limit (RCL) for each refrigerant shall be the lowest of the quantities calculated in accordance with Sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3, using data as indicated in Section 7.3 and adjusted...
- 7.2 Blends. The RCL for refrigerants comprising multiple compounds shall be determined by the method in Section 7.1. Where available, the blend toxicity data shall be used for individual parameter values in Section 7.1.1(a) through 7.1.1(d), and when...
- 7.3 Data for Calculations. The data used to calculate the RCL shall be taken from scientific and engineering studies or published safety assessments by governmental agencies or expert panels. The applications submitted under Section 9, or therein ref...
- 7.4 Unit Conversion
- 7.5 RCL Values. Refrigerants are assigned the RCLs indicated in Tables 4-1 and 4-2.
- 8. Refrigerant Classifications
- 9. Application Instructions [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Eligibility
- 9.2 Organization and Content. Separate applications shall be submitted for each refrigerant. Applications shall be organized into the following parts as further identified in Section 9.3 through Section 9.8:
- 9.3 Cover. The cover shall identify the applicant and primary contact, the refrigerant in accordance with Section 9.5.1, and the requested action. Requested actions may include assignment or revision of a designation, safety group classification, or...
- 9.4 Administrative Information
- 9.5 Designation Information. Applications for refrigerant designations shall contain the information identified in Sections 9.5.1 through 9.5.2.
- 9.6 Toxicity Information. Applications shall include the data identified in Sections 9.6.1 and 9.6.2. The sources for these data shall be identified, and the applicant shall provide copies if requested by the committee. The identified sources shall d...
- 9.7 Flammability Information. Applications for single-compound refrigerants and refrigerant blends shall include flammability test data and information identified in Normative Appendix B, Section B1.9. Applications for refrigerant blends shall also i...
- 9.8 Contaminants and Impurities. Identify contaminants and impurities, including isomeric and decomposition impurities, from manufacturing, transport, and storage known to increase the flammability or toxicity within the precision of the RCL. Also id...
- 9.9 Submission
- 10. Normative References
- Informative Appendix A: Isomer Designation Examples [Go to Page]
- A1. Four-Carbon Example: HFC-365mfc CF3-CH2-CF2-CH3
- Normative Appendix B: Details of Testing—Flammability [Go to Page]
- B1. Flammability Testing
- B2. Fractionation Analysis
- Informative Appendix C: Informative References and Bibliography
- Informative Appendix D: Refrigerant Data
- Informative Appendix E: Toxicity and Flammability Data for Single-Compound Refrigerants
- Informative Appendix F: Example Calculations for Heats of Combustion [Go to Page]
- F1. Reaction Stoichiometry for a Refrigerant Blend
- F2. Heat of Combustion for a Refrigerant Blend
- Informative Appendix G: Calculation of RCL and ATEL for Blends [Go to Page]
- G1. RCL for R-410A
- Informative Appendix H: Examples of Composition Uniqueness [Go to Page]
- H1. Example—Binary Blends
- H2. Example—Ternary Blends
- Informative Appendix I: Recommended Significant Figures Reporting of Quantities in Applications to ASHRAE SSPC 34 [Go to Page]
- I1. Recommended Significant Figures
- I2. Specification of Sources
- Informative Appendix J: Examples of Minimum Composition Tolerance
- Informative Appendix K: Addenda Description [Go to Page]
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