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eLibrary >
ASHRAE Standard 41.4-2015 (RA2025) -- Standard Method for Measuring the Proportion of Lubricant in Liquid Refrigerant (ANSI Approved) >
ASHRAE Standard 41.4-2015 (RA2025) -- Standard Method for Measuring the Proportion of Lubricant in Liquid Refrigerant (ANSI Approved), 2025
- ASHRAE Online Bookstore
- Addenda
- Errata
- Return to Previous Page
- ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.4-2015 (RA2025) [Go to Page]
- Contents
- Foreword
- 1. Purpose
- 2. Scope [Go to Page]
- 2.1 This standard uses the gravimetric method as the primary method, but alternative methods can be used if those methods are calibrated against the primary method.
- 2.2 This standard does not apply to collected samples that contain less than 0.001 g (0.015 grains) of lubricant.
- 3. Definitions and Symbols [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Definitions
- 3.2 Symbols, SI (I-P)
- 4. Requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Test Plan. A test plan is a document or other form of communication that specifies the tests to be performed and the required measurement accuracy for each test. Sources of the test plan include, but are not limited to, (a) the person or the orga...
- 4.2 Values to Be Determined
- 5. Instruments [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Instruments and data acquisition systems shall be selected to meet the accuracy limits specified in the test plan.
- 5.2 Measurements from the instruments shall be traceable to primary or secondary standards calibrated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or to the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) if a National Metrology Inst...
- 6. Equipment Required [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Analytical Scale. Determine the estimated lubricant mass in a sample using Table 1. The selected analytical scale shall have a resolution that is equal to or greater than the minimum resolution calculated using Equation 1, and shall have an opera...
- 6.2 Cylinder Assembly. Figure 1 shows a schematic that identifies the components of the cylinder assembly and shows the cylinder assembly connected to the refrigerant liquid line access port during sampling. Select a cylinder that meets each of the r...
- 6.3 Hot Plate. A laboratory hot plate will be used to evaporate residual solvents from a beaker.
- 6.4 Oven. The oven shall be a ventilated forced-air oven that is capable of operating at 150°C (302°F).
- 6.5 Beakers. Beakers will be used to determine the lubricant sample mass where lubricant circulation rates are <1%.
- 6.6 Vacuum Pump and Vacuum Gauge. The vacuum pump and a vacuum gage shall be capable of creating and measuring static absolute pressures of 23.3 Pa (175 μm Hg).
- 6.7 Solvent. Select a solvent for dissolving the lubricant based upon the lubricant as prescribed by Section 6.7.1 or 6.7.2. The purity of the selected solvent shall be reagent grade or higher, and the selected solvent shall have a normal boiling tem...
- 6.8 Refrigerant Recovery System. A refrigerant recovery system shall be used to remove the refrigerant from the cylinder assembly and transfer that refrigerant into an approved storage container.
- 7. Test Methods [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Primary Method. This section provides an overview of the primary test method. Section 8 describes the detailed primary test procedures. The primary test method uses the overall steps listed in Sections 7.1.1 and 7.1.2.
- 7.2 Alternative Methods. Alternative test methods are permitted provided that those methods are calibrated against the primary method. The calibration sheet shall be included in the test report.
- 8. Test Procedures [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Clean the Cylinder Assembly. Rinse the interior surfaces with solvent as prescribed in Section 6.7, dry in a vented forced-air oven for 15 minutes at 150°C (302°F), and then cool to room temperature.
- 8.2 Evacuate the Cylinder Assembly. Connect the vacuum pump and vacuum gage to Diaphragm Valve B shown in Figure 1. Close Diaphragm Valve A and open Diaphragm Valves B and C. Evacuate the cylinder assembly to an absolute static pressure less than 23....
- 8.3 Weigh Empty Cylinder Assembly. Weigh the empty and evacuated cylinder assembly using an analytical scale with the resolution specified by Section 6.1, and then record the mass of the empty and evacuated cylinder assembly as (M1).
- 8.4 Connect the Cylinder Assembly. Connect the cylinder assembly to the refrigerant system as shown in Figure 1.
- 8.5 Sampling. With the refrigerant system operating at steady-state conditions, open the access valve if it is not a Schrader valve that was automatically opened when the cylinder assembly was connected in Section 8.4. Open Diaphragm Valve A to colle...
- 8.6 Weigh the Cylinder Assembly and Sample. After removing all visible moisture from its surface, use an analytical scale with the resolution specified by Section 6.1 to weigh the cylinder assembly and sample, and then record the mass of the cylinder...
- 8.7 Recover the Refrigerant. Use a refrigerant recovery system to remove the refrigerant from the cylinder assembly. If the expected lubricant circulation rate is ³1%, continue to Section 8.8. Otherwise, skip to Section 8.11.
- 8.8 Weigh the Cylinder Assembly and Lubricant. Use an analytical scale with the resolution specified in Section 6.1 to weigh the cylinder assembly and lubricant, and record the mass of the cylinder assembly and lubricant as (M3).
- 8.9 Lubricant Mass. The mass of lubricant in the sample is then determined by subtracting the mass of the cylinder assembly (M1) from the mass of the cylinder assembly and lubricant (M3).
- 8.10 Determine Lubricant Circulation Rate. Calculate the lubricant circulation rate using Equations 2, 6, and 7 in Section 9 for the sample basis, or Equations 4, 6, and 7 for the refrigerant basis. Proceed to Section 10.
- 8.11 Weigh a Beaker. Weigh an empty and clean beaker using an analytical scale with the resolution specified in Section 6.1, and record the mass of the empty and evacuated cylinder assembly as (M4).
- 8.12 Transfer Sample Lubricant to Beaker. Transfer the lubricant from the cylinder assembly to the beaker. In a laboratory hood, rinse the interior surfaces of the cylinder assembly with a reagent-grade solvent (see Section 6.8) to ensure that all lu...
- 8.13 Remove Solvents. In the laboratory hood, the solvent shall be evaporated from the beaker using a heat source to simmer but not boil the solvent. Next, the beaker shall be transferred into a forced-air vented oven set at 150°C (302°F) for a min...
- 8.14 Weigh the Beaker and Lubricant. Weigh the beaker and lubricant using an analytical scale with the resolution specified in Section 6.1, and record the mass of the empty and evacuated cylinder assembly as (M5).
- 8.15 Lubricant Mass. The mass of lubricant in the sample is then determined by subtracting the mass of the beaker (M5) from the mass of the cylinder assembly and lubricant (M5).
- 8.16 Determine Lubricant Circulation Rate. Calculate the lubricant circulation rate using Equations 3, 6, and 7 in Section 9 for the sample basis, or Equations 5, 6, and 7 for the refrigerant basis. Proceed to Section 10.
- 9. Calculations [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Lubricant Circulation Rate, Sample Basis. Calculate CS using Equation 2 if the lubricant circulation rate is ³1%. Calculate CS using Equation 3 if the lubricant circulation rate is <1%.
- 9.2 Lubricant Circulation Rate, Refrigerant Basis. Calculate CR using Equation 4 if the lubricant circulation rate is ³1%. Calculate CR using Equation 5 if the lubricant circulation rate is <1%.
- 9.3 Mean Lubricant Circulation Rate. Calculate the mean of the lubricant circulation rates using Equation 6.
- 9.4 Standard Deviation of the Mean. Calculate the standard deviation of the mean (SDM) of the lubricant circulation rate using Equation 7.
- 10. Uncertainty Calculations
- 11. Test Report [Go to Page]
- 11.1 The number of independent observations of lubricant circulation rate (n).
- 11.2 The lubricant circulation rate on the sample basis (CS).
- 11.3 The lubricant circulation rate on the refrigerant basis (CR).
- 11.4 The mean of the independent observations of lubricant circulation rate ().
- 11.5 The standard deviation of the mean (SDM) of the lubricant circulation rate.
- 12. Normative References
- Informative Annex A: Informative References and Bibliography
- Informative Annex B: Methods for Uncertainty [Go to Page]
- B1. Recommended Method to Express Uncertainty
- B2. Uncertainty Calculation Procedure
- Informative Annex C: Guidance Regarding Lubricant Sampling Procedure [Go to Page]
- C1. Steps [Go to Page]
- C1.1 Step 1: Estimate the Refrigerant Charge in the System. When intending to continue system operation after lubricant sampling, avoid removing more than 1% of the system charge to prevent an operating condition that could be detrimental to the equi...
- C1.2 Step 2: Select a Sample Cylinder Size. In accordance with Section 6.2.1, the maximum cylinder assembly size (internal volume) is 50 mL (0.013 gal) for refrigerant system capacities less than 70.4 kW (20 tons), and 0.50 L (0.13 gal) for system ca...
- C1.3 Step 3: Analytical Scale Resolution. The shaded area in Table 1 indicates that an analytical is required to have a resolution of 0.0001 g (0.00154 grains).
- Informative Annex D: An Uncertainty Analysis Example for Lubricant Circulation Rate ³1% [Go to Page]
- D1. Identify Experimental Goals and Acceptable Accuracy
- D2. Identify the Important Variables and Appropriate Relationships
- D3. Establish the Quantities that Must be Measured and Their Expected Range of Variation
- D4. Tentatively Select Sensors/Instrumentation Appropriate for the Task
- D5. Document Uncertainty of Each Measured Variable
- D6. Perform a Preliminary Uncertainty Analysis
- D7. Study Uncertainty Results and Reassess the Ability of the Measurement Methods and Instrumentation to Meet Acceptable Accuracy
- D8. Install Selected Instrumentation in Accordance with Relevant Standards or Best Practices.
- D9. Perform Initial Verification of Data Quality
- D10. Collect Experimental Data Subject to Ongoing Quality Control Criteria
- D11. Accomplish Data Reduction and Analysis
- D12. Perform Final Uncertainty Analysis
- D13. Report Experimental Results [Go to Page]
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