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AWWA C651-23 Disinfecting Water Mains, 2025
- Foreword [Go to Page]
- I. Introduction. [Go to Page]
- I.A. Background. This standard describes methods of disinfecting newly constructed potable water mains; mains that have been removed from service for planned repairs or for maintenance that exposes them to contamination; mains that have undergone emergenc [Go to Page]
- I.B. History. This standard was first approved on September 30, 1947, by the AWWA Board of Directors and published as 7D.2-1948, A Procedure for Disinfecting Water Mains. Revisions were approved on September 14, 1948; March 6, 1953;
May 27, 1954; June 2, [Go to Page]
- I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct
- II. Special Issues. [Go to Page]
- II.A. Information on Application of This Standard. Generally, it is easier to disinfect a new main than one that has had emergency repairs in terms of access, sanitary control, and the time available for disinfection, sampling, and testing. [Go to Page]
- III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. [Go to Page]
- III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. This standard is written as though the disinfection work will be performed by the purchaser’s personnel. The water purveyor is the purchaser in most cases. Where the work is to be performed using a separate contr
- III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. [Go to Page]
- IV. Major Revisions. Major revisions made to the standard in this edition include the following:
- V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call the AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098; or email at standards@awwa.org.
- AWWA Standard
- SECTION 1: GENERAL
- Sec. 1.1 Scope
- Sec. 1.2 Purpose
- Sec. 1.3 Application
- SECTION 2: REFERENCES
- SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
- Sec. 4.1 Forms of Chlorine for Disinfection
- Sec. 4.2 General Considerations for All Methods of Chlorination
- Sec. 4.3 Tablet/Granule Method of Chlorination
- Sec. 4.4 Continuous-Feed Method of Chlorination
- Sec. 4.5 Slug Method of Chlorination
- Sec. 4.6 Spray Disinfection for Large Transmission Lines
- SECTION 5: PROCEDURES
- Sec. 5.1 Basic Disinfection Procedure for New Mains
- Sec. 5.2 Preventive and Corrective Measures During New Construction
- Sec. 5.3 Final Flushing for New Mains
- Sec. 5.4 Final Connections to Existing Mains
- Sec. 5.5 Disinfection Procedures When Cutting Into, Repairing, or Inspecting Pipe
- SECTION 6: VERIFICATION
- Sec. 6.1 Bacteriological Tests
- SECTION 7: DELIVERY [Go to Page]
- Chlorine Residual Testing
- Chlorine Dosages [Go to Page]
- Table B.1 Amounts of chemicals required to produce various chlorine concentrations in 100,000 gal (378.5 m3) of water*
- Table B.2 Amounts of chemicals required to produce chlorine concentration of
200 mg/L in various volumes of water* [Go to Page]
