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AWWA Manual M7 Problem Organisms in Water: Identification and Treatment, Fourth Edition, 2025
- Preface
- 1.3 COMMON BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT APPLICATIONS
- 1.4 HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL DRINKING WATER TREATMENT
- 1.5 PLANNING FOR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
- 1.6 DESIGN OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS
- 1.7 OPERATION AND MONITORING OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS
- 1.8 REFERENCES
- 2.2 PLANNING
- 2.3 DESIGN
- 2.4 OPERATIONS
- 2.5 FEATURED CASE STUDIES
- Aerobic Biotreatment of Groundwater
- 3.1 APPLICATION OVERVIEW
- 3.2 PLANNING
- 3.3 DESIGN
- 3.4 OPERATIONS
- 3.5 FEATURED CASE STUDIES
- 2.6 REFERENCES
- Figure 3-13 �Raw (A) and finished manganese concentrations (B) at the Park Street Wellfield water treatment plant from February 2019 to July 2020
- Figure 3-12 Manganese acclimation at the Park Street Wellfield water treatment plant
- Figure 3-11 Process flow diagram
- Figure 3-10 Iron (A), manganese (B), and total arsenic concentrations (C) in the raw water, contactor effluent, and filter effluent, and soluble arsenic speciation in the contactor effluent (D) over the course of the pilot study
- Figure 3-9 Nitrogen species through the contactor (A) and the biofilter (B) over the course of the pilot study
- Figure 3-8 Process flow diagram (A) and photograph of pilot system (B)
- Figure 3-7 Average iron (A), arsenic (B), and inorganic nitrogen species (C) through the treatment plant
- Figure 3-6 DO (A) and pH (B) profiles through the treatment plant. Points show the average value, and error bars represent one standard deviation.
- Figure 3-5 Aeration blowers (A) and gravity sand biologically active filters at Greene County Southern Plant (B) (Lytle et al. 2007a)
- Figure 3-4 Process flow diagram for Greene County Southern Plant
- Figure 3-3 Schematic of aeration contactor followed by filtration
- Figure 3-2 Schematic of air injection and pressurized filtration system
- Figure 3-1 Schematic of open aeration followed by filtration system
- Figure 2-12 Acclimation of manganese removal
- Figure 2-12 Acclimation of ATP on filter media and TOC removal
- Figure 2-11 Photo of the LLWTP biofilters
- Figure 2-10 Process flow diagram for the LLWTP
- Figure 2-9 Filters before (left) and after (right) maintenance cleaning
- Figure 2-8 Enzyme activity associated with nonchlorinated and chlorinated backwash
- Figure 2-7 Biomass accumulation in filters backwashed with nonchlorinated and chlorinated water
- Figure 2-6 Hayden Bridge Filtration Plant pilot system
- Figure 2-5 Process flow diagram for the Hayden Bridge Filtration Plant following conversion to biofiltration
- Figure 2-4 DRWP TOC removal
- Figure 2-3 Photo of converted GAC/sand filters
- Figure 2-2 Process flow diagram for the Dublin Road Water Plant
- Figure 2-1 Example process flow diagrams for most common intentional biofiltration processes: direct filtration (pre-ozonation) (A) and conventional treatment (intermediate ozonation) (B)
- Figure 1-5 Example schematic of operational phases for biological treatment
- Figure 1-4 Increasing implementation of surface water biofiltration in the United States
- Figure 1-3 Implementation of biological drinking water treatment
- Figure 1-2 Example biochemical oxidation and reduction reactions
- Figure 1-1 Organization of subsequent application Chapters 2–5
- Table 1-1 Summary of biological process monitoring tools (Hooper et al. 2019, Evans et al. 2013)
- Table 2-1 Contaminant drivers and removal potential by biofiltration* (surface-water specific)
- Table 2-2 Removal ranges of emerging contaminants with biofilters
- Table 2-3 Example pathways for biological contaminant removal
- Table 2-4 Summary of benefits, limitations, and common objectives of each testing scale
- Table 2-5 Description of key filter design factors for testing
- Table 2-6 Common chemicals added in biofiltration applications (WRF Project #4719)
- Table 2-7 Media selection considerations
- Table 2-8 Recommended monitoring for operational parameters
- Table 2-9 Recommended monitoring for water quality parameters
- Table 2-10 Recommended monitoring for biological parameters
- Table 2-11 Recommended monitoring for process integrity
- Table 2-12 Common challenges and potential solutions
- Table 2-13 Water quality
- Table 2-14 Biological treatment design criteria
- Table 2-15 Water quality
- Table 2-16 Biological treatment design criteria
- Table 2-17 Pilot biofilters average performance
- Table 2-18 Raw water quality (January 2014 through December 2014)
- Table 2-19 Biofilter influent water quality (November 2013 through December 2015)
- Table 2-20 Biological treatment design criteria
- Table 2-21 Biofilter operational parameters during study
- Table 3-1 Summary of selected pilot- and full-scale aerobic groundwater biotreatment systems
- Table 3-2 Oxidation stoichiometry for reduced species common in drinking water
- Table 3-3 Existing US regulations for contaminants of interest
- Table 3-4 Treatment alternatives
- Table 3-5 Comparison of process configurations
- Table 3-6 Comparison of aeration systems (Lytle et al. 1998)
- Table 3-7 Backwash water source comparisons
- Table 3-8 Recommended monitoring parameters
- Table 3-9 Strategies to address suboptimal treatment performance
- Table 3-10 Aerobic biotreatment of groundwater case studies
- Table 3-11 Raw water quality
- Table 3-12 Design criteria
- Table 3-13 Raw water quality
- Table 3-14 Pilot design criteria
- Table 3-15 Raw water quality
- Table 3-16 Biotreatment design criteria
- Table 3-17 Filter operating parameters, June 2019 through June 2020 [Go to Page]