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eLibrary >
BS EN IEC 62477-1:2023 Safety requirements for power electronic converter systems and equipment - General >
BS EN IEC 62477-1:2023 Safety requirements for power electronic converter systems and equipment - General, 2023
- undefined
- Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications [Go to Page]
- English [Go to Page]
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Alphabetical list of terms
- 4 Protection against hazards [Go to Page]
- 4.1 General
- 4.2 Single fault conditions and abnormal operating conditions
- 4.3 Short-circuit and overload protection [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 General
- 4.3.2 Input short-circuit withstand strength and output short-circuit current ability
- 4.3.3 Short-circuit coordination (backup protection)
- 4.3.4 Protection by several devices
- 4.4 Protection against electric shock [Go to Page]
- 4.4.1 General
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Protective means for protection against electric shock considering Class I equipment and Class II equipment [Go to Page]
- 4.4.2 Decisive voltage class
- Figure 2 – Protective means for protection against electric shock considering Class III equipment or accessible circuits of DVC As
- Table 2 – Voltage limits for the decisive voltage classes DVC
- Table 3 – Minimum protection requirements for circuit under consideration [Go to Page]
- 4.4.3 Means for basic protection (protection against direct contact)
- 4.4.4 Means for fault protection (protection against indirect contact)
- Figure 3 – Example of a PECS assembly and itsassociated protective equipotential bonding
- Figure 4 – Example of a PECS assembly and itsassociated protective equipotential bonding through direct metallic contact
- Table 4 – PE conductor cross-sectional area
- Figure 5 – Time-voltage zones for accessible circuits of DVC As and DVC B –DC during single fault conditions
- Figure 6 – Time-voltage zones for accessible circuits of DVC As and DVC B –AC peak during single fault conditions
- Figure 7 – Time-voltage zones for conductive accessible partsduring single fault conditions [Go to Page]
- 4.4.5 Means for enhanced protection
- 4.4.6 Protective means for equipment classes
- Table 5 – Limits for access of touch current [Go to Page]
- 4.4.7 Insulation
- Table 6 – Definitions of pollution degrees
- Table 7 – Impulse withstand voltage and temporary overvoltage versus system voltage
- Table 8 – Clearances for functional insulation, basic insulation or supplementary insulation for inhomogeneous fields
- Table 9 – Creepage distances
- Table 10 – Generic materials for the direct support of uninsulated live parts
- Table 11 – Thin sheet material thickness through insulation requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.4.8 Compatibility with residual current-operated protective devices (RCD)
- 4.4.9 Capacitor discharge
- 4.5 Protection against electrical energy hazards
- 4.6 Protection against fire and thermal hazards [Go to Page]
- 4.6.1 Circuits representing a fire hazard
- 4.6.2 Components representing a fire hazard
- Table 12 – Flammability classes and classification standards [Go to Page]
- 4.6.3 Fire enclosures
- Figure 8 – Fire enclosure bottom openings below anunenclosed or partially enclosed fire-hazardous component
- Figure 9 – Fire enclosure baffle construction
- Table 13 – Permitted openings in fire enclosure bottoms [Go to Page]
- 4.6.4 Temperature limits
- Table 14 – Maximum measured temperatures for internal materials and components [Go to Page]
- 4.6.5 Limited power sources
- Table 15 – Maximum measured temperatures for accessible parts of the PECS
- 4.7 Protection against mechanical hazards [Go to Page]
- 4.7.1 General
- Table 16 – Limits for sources without an overcurrent protective device
- Table 17 – Limits for power sources with an overcurrent protective device [Go to Page]
- 4.7.2 Specific requirements for liquid cooled PECS
- 4.7.3 Mechanical hazards from rotating parts
- 4.7.4 Sharp edges
- 4.8 PECS with multiple sources of supply
- 4.9 Protection against environmental stresses
- 4.10 Protection against excessive acoustic noise hazards
- Table 18 – Environmental service conditions
- 4.11 Wiring and connections [Go to Page]
- 4.11.1 General
- 4.11.2 Insulation of conductors
- Figure 10 – Example for interconnections within permanently connected PECS and between parts of them
- Figure 11 – Example of cable as an arrangement of insulated conductors [Go to Page]
- 4.11.3 Stranded wire
- 4.11.4 Routing and clamping
- 4.11.5 Identification of conductors and terminals
- 4.11.6 Splices and connections
- 4.11.7 Accessible connections
- 4.11.8 Interconnections between parts of the PECS
- 4.11.9 Supply connections
- Figure 12 – Detachable mains supply cords and connections [Go to Page]
- 4.11.10 Field wiring terminals and internal terminals
- Table 19 – Wire bending space from terminals to enclosure [Go to Page]
- 4.11.11 Means for shield connection of shielded wire or shielded cable
- 4.12 Enclosures [Go to Page]
- 4.12.1 General
- Figure 13 – Example for evaluation of wire bending space [Go to Page]
- 4.12.2 Handles and manual controls
- 4.12.3 Cast metal
- 4.12.4 Sheet metal
- Figure 14 – Supported and unsupported enclosure parts
- Table 20 – Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: carbon steel or stainless steel [Go to Page]
- 4.12.5 Stability requirement for enclosure
- Table 21 – Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: aluminium, copper or brass [Go to Page]
- 4.12.6 Strain relief
- 4.12.7 Polymeric enclosure stress relief
- 4.12.8 Polymeric enclosure UV resistance
- 4.13 Components [Go to Page]
- 4.13.1 General
- 4.13.2 PTC thermistors
- 4.13.3 Mains supply cords
- 4.13.4 Capacitors and RC units bridging insulation
- 4.13.5 Wound components
- 4.13.6 Plug and socket-outlets
- 4.14 Protection against electromagnetic fields
- 5 Test requirements [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General [Go to Page]
- 5.1.1 Test objectives and classification
- 5.1.2 Selection of test samples
- 5.1.3 Sequence of tests
- 5.1.4 Earthing conditions
- 5.1.5 General conditions for tests
- Table 22 – Environmental conditions for tests [Go to Page]
- 5.1.6 Compliance
- 5.1.7 Test overview
- Table 23 – Test overview
- 5.2 Test specifications [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 Visual inspection (type test and routine test)
- 5.2.2 Mechanical tests
- Figure 15 – Impact test using a steel ball
- Table 24 – Pull values for handles and manual control securement
- Table 25 – Values for physical tests on strain relief of enclosure [Go to Page]
- 5.2.3 Electrical tests
- Table 26 – Impulse withstand voltage test procedure
- Table 27 – Impulse withstand voltage test
- Table 28 – AC or DC test voltage for circuits connecteddirectly to mains supply
- Table 29 – AC or DC test voltage for circuits connected tonon-mains supply without temporary overvoltages
- Figure 16 – Voltage test procedures
- Figure 17 – Partial discharge test procedure
- Table 30 – Partial discharge test
- Figure 18 – Protective equipotential bonding impedance test for separate PECSwith power fed from the PECS with protection for the power cable
- Figure 19 – Protective equipotential bonding impedance test for sub-assemblywith accessible parts and with power fed from the PECS
- Table 31 – Test duration for protective equipotential bonding test
- Figure 20 – Electric strength test instrument
- Figure 21 – Mandrel
- Figure 22 – Initial position of mandrel
- Figure 23 – Final position of mandrel
- Figure 24 – Position of metal foil on insulating material [Go to Page]
- 5.2.4 Abnormal operation and simulated faults tests
- Table 32 – AC short-time withstand current test, minimum PECS requirements [Go to Page]
- 5.2.5 Material tests
- Figure 25 – Circuit for high-current arcing test
- Figure 26 – Test fixture for hot-wire ignition test [Go to Page]
- 5.2.6 Environmental tests (type tests)
- Table 33 – Environmental tests
- Table 34 – Dry heat test (steady state)
- Table 35 – Damp heat test (steady state)
- Table 36 – Vibration test
- Table 37 – Salt mist test [Go to Page]
- 5.2.7 Hydrostatic pressure test (type test, routine test)
- Table 38 – Dust test
- Table 39 – Sand test [Go to Page]
- 5.2.8 Electromagnetic fields (EMF)
- 6 Information and marking requirements [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General
- Table 40 – Marking location
- 6.2 Information for selection [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 General
- 6.2.2 Instructions and markings pertaining to accessories
- 6.3 Information for installation and commissioning [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Mechanical considerations
- 6.3.3 Environment
- 6.3.4 Handling and mounting
- 6.3.5 Enclosure temperature
- 6.3.6 Open type PECS
- 6.3.7 Connections
- 6.3.8 Commissioning
- 6.3.9 Protection requirements
- 6.4 Information for intended use [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 General
- 6.4.2 Adjustment
- 6.4.3 Labels, signs, symbols and signals
- 6.4.4 Hot surfaces
- 6.4.5 Control and device marking
- 6.5 Supplementary information [Go to Page]
- 6.5.1 Maintenance
- 6.5.2 Capacitor discharge
- 6.5.3 Auto restart/bypass connection
- 6.5.4 Other hazards
- 6.5.5 PECS with multiple sources of supply
- 6.5.6 Replaceable fuses in neutral of single-phase PECS
- Annexes [Go to Page]
- Annex A (normative)Additional information for protection against electric shock [Go to Page]
- A.1 General
- A.2 Protection by means of DVC As
- A.3 Protection by means of protective impedance
- Figure A.1 – Protection by DVC As with enhanced protection [Go to Page]
- A.4 Protection by using limited voltages
- Figure A.2 – Protection by means of protective impedance
- Figure A.3 – Protection by using limited voltages [Go to Page]
- A.5 Evaluation of the working voltage of circuits [Go to Page]
- A.5.1 General
- A.5.2 Classification of the working voltage
- A.5.3 AC working voltage
- A.5.4 DC working voltage
- Figure A.4 – Typical waveform for AC working voltage
- Figure A.5 – Typical waveform for DC working voltage [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- A.5.5 Pulsating working voltage
- Figure A.6 – Typical waveform for pulsating working voltage [Go to Page]
- A.6 The concept of protective means according to 4.4 [Go to Page]
- A.6.1 General
- A.6.2 Examples of the use of elements of protective means
- Table A.1 – Examples for protection against electric shock
- Annex B (informative)Considerations for the reduction of the pollution degree [Go to Page]
- B.1 General
- B.2 Factors influencing the pollution degree
- B.3 Reduction of influencing factors
- Annex C (informative)Symbols referred to in this document [Go to Page]
- C.1 Symbols used
- Table C.1 – Symbols used [Go to Page]
- C.2 Determination of contrast
- Annex D (normative)Evaluation of clearance and creepage distances [Go to Page]
- D.1 Measurement
- D.2 Relationship of measurement to pollution degree
- Table D.1 – Width of grooves by pollution degree [Go to Page]
- D.3 Examples
- Figure D.1 – Example of measurements including a groove
- Figure D.2 – Example of measurements including a groove
- Figure D.3 – Example of measurements including a groove
- Figure D.4 – Example of measurements including a rib
- Figure D.5 – Example of measurements providing protection of type 2
- Figure D.6 – Example of measurements providing protection of type 1
- Figure D.7 – Example of measurements providing protection of type 1
- Figure D.8 – Example of measurements providing protection of type 1
- Figure D.9 – Example of measurements including a barrier (cemented joint)
- Figure D.10 – Example of measurements including a barrier
- Figure D.11 – Example of measurements including a gap
- Figure D.12 – Example of measurements including a gap
- Figure D.13 – Example of measurements including an isolated conductive part
- Figure D.14 – Example of measurements in inner layer of PWB
- Figure D.15 – Example of measurements on enclosure of insulating material to a part inside
- Annex E (normative)Altitude correction for clearances [Go to Page]
- E.1 Correction factor for clearances at altitudes above 2 000 m
- E.2 Test voltages for verifying clearances at different altitudes
- Table E.1 – Correction factor for clearances at altitudes between 2 000 m and 20 000 m
- Table E.2 – Test voltages for verifying clearances at different altitudes
- Annex F (normative)Clearance and creepage distance determination forfrequencies greater than 30 kHz [Go to Page]
- F.1 General influence of the frequency on the withstand characteristics
- F.2 Clearance [Go to Page]
- F.2.1 General
- F.2.2 Clearance for inhomogenous fields
- Figure F.1 – Diagram for dimensioning of clearances [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- F.2.3 Clearance for approximately homogenous fields
- Table F.1 – Minimum values of clearances in air at atmospheric pressure for inhomogeneous field conditions
- Table F.2 – Multiplication factors for clearances in air at atmospheric pressurefor approximately homogeneous field conditions [Go to Page]
- F.3 Creepage distance
- Figure F.2 – Diagram for dimensioning of creepage distances [Go to Page]
- F.4 Solid insulation [Go to Page]
- F.4.1 General
- F.4.2 Approximately uniform field distribution without air gaps or voids
- Table F.3 – Minimum values of creepage distances for different frequency ranges [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- F.4.3 Other cases
- Figure F.3 – Permissible field strength for dimensioning of solid insulationaccording to Formula (F.1)
- Annex G (informative)Cross-sections of round conductors
- Table G.1 – Standard cross-sections of round conductors
- Annex H (informative)Guidelines for RCD compatibility [Go to Page]
- H.1 Selection of RCD type
- Figure H.1 – Flow chart leading to selection of the RCD type upstream of a PECS [Go to Page]
- H.2 Fault current waveforms
- Figure H.2 – Symbols for marking depending on the type of RCD
- Figure H.3 – Fault current waveforms in connectionswith power electronic converter devices
- Annex I (informative)Examples of overvoltage category reduction [Go to Page]
- I.1 General
- I.2 Protection to the surroundings (see 4.4.7.2) [Go to Page]
- I.2.1 Circuits connected to mains supply (see 4.4.7.2.3)
- Figure I.1 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the originof the installation mains supply
- Figure I.2 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the mains supply
- Figure I.3 – Basic protection evaluation for single and three phase PECSnot permanently connected to the mains supply
- Figure I.4 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the originof the installation mains supply where internal SPDs are used
- Figure I.5 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the mains supplywhere internal SPDs are used
- Figure I.6 – Example of enhanced protection evaluation for circuits connectedto the mains supply where internal SPDs are used
- Figure I.7 – Example of enhanced protection evaluation for circuits connectedto the mains supply where internal SPDs are used [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- I.2.2 Circuits connected to the non-mains supply (see 4.4.7.2.4)
- I.2.3 Protection between circuits (see 4.4.7.2.7)
- Figure I.8 –Example of enhanced protection evaluation for circuits connectedto the mains supply where internal SPDs are used
- Figure I.9 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the non-mains supply
- Figure I.10 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the the origin of the installation non-mains supply [Go to Page]
- I.3 Functional insulation (see 4.4.7.3)
- I.4 Further examples
- Figure I.11 – Functional insulation evaluation within circuits affectedby external transients
- Figure I.12 – Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the mains supply
- Figure I.13 – Insulation evaluation for accessible circuit of DVC As [Go to Page]
- I.5 Circuits with multiple supplies (see 4.4.7.2.1)
- Figure I.14 – PEC with mains supply and non-mains supply without galvanic isolation
- Figure I.15 – Transformer (basic protected) PEC inverter with SPD and transformerto reduce impulse voltage for functional and basic protection
- Annex J (informative)Burn thresholds for touchable surfaces [Go to Page]
- J.1 General
- J.2 Burn thresholds
- Figure J.1 – Burn threshold spread when the skin is in contactwith a hot smooth surface made of bare (uncoated) metal
- Figure J.2 – Rise in the burn threshold spread from Figure J.1 for metalswhich are coated by shellac varnish
- Figure J.3 – Rise in the burn threshold spread from Figure J.1for metals coated with the specific materials
- Figure J.4 – Burn threshold spread when the skin is in contactwith a hot smooth surface made of ceramics, glass and stone materials
- Figure J.5 – Burn threshold spread when the skin is in contactwith a hot smooth surface made of plastics
- Annex K (informative)Table of electrochemical potentials
- Table K.1 – Table of electrochemical potentials
- Annex L (informative)Measuring instrument for touch current measurements [Go to Page]
- L.1 Measuring instrument 1
- L.2 Measuring instrument 2
- Figure L.1 – Measuring instrument 1
- Figure L.2 – Measuring instrument 2 [Go to Page]
- L.3 Measuring instrument 3
- Annex M (normative)Test probes for determining access
- Figure M.1 – Sphere 50 mm probe according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe A
- Figure M.2 – Jointed test finger according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe B
- Figure M.3 – Test rod 2,5 mm according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe C
- Figure M.4 – Sphere 12,5 mm test probe according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe 2
- Annex N (informative)Guidance regarding short-circuit current [Go to Page]
- N.1 General
- N.2 Coordination of short-circuit current [Go to Page]
- N.2.1 General
- N.2.2 Conditional short-circuit current (Icc) and minimum required prospective short-circuit current (Icp, mr)
- Figure N.1 – Example of short-circuit current curve under specification of Icc [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- N.2.3 Short-time withstand current (Icw)
- Figure N.2 – Example of tripping characteristic of a circuit breaker
- Figure N.3 – Example of tripping characteristic of a current-limiting fuse [Go to Page]
- N.3 Guidance for specification of short-circuit current and short-circuit protective device [Go to Page]
- N.3.1 General
- Figure N.4 – Example of short-circuit current curve under specification of Icw [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- N.3.2 Example 1: Two or more PECS with different ratings
- Figure N.5 – Two PECS with different specifications [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- N.3.3 Specification of Icc
- N.3.4 Specification of Icw
- N.3.5 Example 2: One PECS with more than one rating
- Figure N.6 – One PECS with different specification for each input mains supply port [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- N.3.6 Additional explanation on terms, definitions and specifications
- N.4 Short-circuit rating and single fault conditions testing [Go to Page]
- N.4.1 General
- Figure N.7 – Flowchart for classification of Icc or Icw [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- N.4.2 Exemption from short-time withstand current testing
- N.5 Guideline for short-circuit analysis
- Annex O (informative)Guidelines for determination of clearance and creepage distances [Go to Page]
- O.1 Guideline for determination of clearances
- Figure O.1 – Flowchart for determination of clearance [Go to Page]
- O.2 Guideline for determination of creepage distances
- O.3 Minimum spacings within solid insulation or similar
- Figure O.2 – Flowchart for determination of creepage distance
- Table O.1 – Minimum spacings within solid insulation or similar
- Annex P (informative)Protection of persons against electromagnetic fieldsfor frequencies from 0 Hz up to 300 GHz [Go to Page]
- P.1 General influence of electromagnetic fields to persons [Go to Page]
- P.1.1 General
- P.1.2 Low-frequency electric fields effects (1 Hz to 100 kHz)
- P.1.3 Low-frequency magnetic fields effects (1 Hz to 100 kHz)
- P.1.4 Low-frequency electric and magnetic fields effects
- P.1.5 High-frequency electromagnetic fields effects (100 kHz to 300 GHz)
- P.1.6 Current knowledge on low-level effects
- P.1.7 Biological effects versus adverse health effects
- P.1.8 Influence of EMF on passive and active medical implants
- P.2 Requirements from ICNIRP LF guidelines against exposure to EMF [Go to Page]
- P.2.1 Adoption of exposure limits from ICNIRP
- Table P.1 – Limits of EMF for general public exposure [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- P.2.2 Limits of EMF exposure for transportation and storage
- P.3 Protection of persons against exposure of EMF [Go to Page]
- P.3.1 General
- Table P.2 – Limits of EMF for occupational exposure
- Table P.3 – Limits for magnetic flux density of static magnetic fields (2013/35/EU) [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- P.3.2 EMF requirements for general public access areas
- P.3.3 EMF requirements for general access areas, service access areas and restricted access areas
- P.3.4 EMF requirements for transportation and storage
- P.4 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) test (type test) [Go to Page]
- P.4.1 General test set up for EMF
- P.4.2 EMF test (type test)
- P.5 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) marking
- Table P.4 – EMF test overview
- Annex Q (informative)Maximum disconnection times
- Table 41.1 – Maximum disconnection times
- Annex R (informative)Risk assessment according to IEC Guide 116 [Go to Page]
- R.1 General
- R.2 Risk assessment
- Table R.1 – Risk assessment
- Annex S (informative)Guidance to product technical committees
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
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