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PD CEN/TR 16389:2025 - TC Tracked Changes. Automotive fuels. Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME. Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination, 2025
- A-30511325.pdf [Go to Page]
- undefined
- European foreword
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 EN 15940, Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Parameters included
- Table 1 — Precision of the methods to paraffinic diesel fuel and conventional diesel fuel [Go to Page]
- 4.2 Considerations on the parameters [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Cetane number
- 4.2.2 Density
- Figure 1 — Volumetric (1a) and gravimetric (1b) injection map at different pressure levels (p1 to p3), volumetric (1c) and gravimetric injection rate (1d) at maximum pressure (p3), presented by the example of the Bosch passenger car injector CRI2.25 [Go to Page]
- 4.2.3 Flash point
- 4.2.4 Viscosity
- Figure 2 — Kinematic viscosities of different fuels as a function of temperature [Go to Page]
- 4.2.5 Distillation characteristics [Go to Page]
- 4.2.5.1 Distillation curve
- Figure 3 — Distillation curves of different diesel fuels (B0, Swedish diesel, COD, GtL and HVO), diesel/FAME blends (B5 and B30) and pure rapeseed based FAME (B100) [Go to Page]
- 4.2.5.2 IBP and cavitation
- Figure 4 — Correlation of IBP to Flash Point for paraffinic fuels [Go to Page]
- 4.2.6 Lubricity
- Figure 5 — Response of the ester-based lubricity additive on lubricity of conventional diesel and HVO [Go to Page]
- 4.2.7 Total aromatics content
- Table 2 — Overview of aromatic detection techniques [Go to Page]
- 4.2.8 Sulfur content
- 4.2.9 Residues and contaminants [Go to Page]
- 4.2.9.1 Carbon residue
- 4.2.9.2 Ash content
- 4.2.9.3 Water content
- Figure 6 — Water content (mg/kg) of diesel fuel and HVO as a function of temperature ( C)
- Figure 7 — Water content (mg/kg) of FAME as a function of temperature ( C) [Go to Page]
- 4.2.9.4 Total contamination
- 4.2.10 Copper strip corrosion
- 4.2.11 Oxidation stability
- 4.2.12 Biodegradability
- 4.2.13 FAME [Go to Page]
- 4.2.13.1 FAME content
- 4.2.13.2 Cold flow properties of FAME blends
- 4.2.14 Addition of non-paraffinic material
- 4.2.15 Climate dependence
- 4.2.16 Additives
- 4.2.17 Sampling
- 4.2.18 Pump marking
- 4.2.19 Housekeeping guidance
- 4.2.20 Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT)
- 4.2.21 Heating applications
- 4.3 Parameters considered and not included in the specification [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 Poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin content
- 4.3.2 Elastomer compatibility
- 5 Acknowledgement
- Annex A (informative) SL-BOCLE Lubricity of EN 15940 paraffinic fuels: Summary of ILS test results
- A.1 General
- A.2 ILS test set-up
- A.3 Test results
- Table A.1 — SL-BOCLE test results [g] of paraffinic diesel fuel samples (Mean values of two consecutive determinations)
- Figure A.1 — Individual SL-BOCLE test results (g) of paraffinic diesel fuel samples (all single measurements reported by laboratories before averaging)
- A.4 Conclusion on SL-BOCLE precision
- A.5 Correlation between SL-BOCLE and HFRR test results
- Table A.2 — HFRR test results (wear scar diameter, WSD) of paraffinic diesel fuel samples
- Figure A.2 — SL-BOCLE versus HFRR test results of paraffinic diesel fuel samples
- A.6 Conclusion on correlation between SL-BOCLE and HFRR test results
- Annex B (informative) A meta-analysis of HFRR precision studies
- B.1 General
- B.2 Set-up of the meta-analysis
- B.3 Results of the meta-analysis
- Figure B.1 — Precision (Repeatability of the HFRR test as a function of the lubricity level). Meta-analysis based on CEC data from 1996 to 2007.
- Figure B.2 — Precision (Reproducibility of the HFRR test as a function of the lubricity level). Meta-analysis based on CEC data from 1996 to 2007.
- Figure B.3 — Precision (Repeatability of the HFRR test as a function of the lubricity level).
- Figure B.4 — Precision (Reproducibility of the HFRR test as a function of the lubricity level).
- — Fuels with poor lubricity show good repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R), on average similar or even better than stated in EN ISO 12156-1:2018.
- B.4 Conclusion
- Annex C (informative) Paraffinic diesel fuel ILS tests (cetane number)
- Table C.1 — Cetane number precision as quoted in EN ISO 5165:1998 [4]
- Table C.2 — Precision as quoted in EN 15195:2007 [34]
- Table C.3 — XTL, XTL/FAME blends and XTL blends submitted for the ILS [69]
- Figure C.1 — CN and DCN results for the 10 blends on the three different test methods [69]
- Figure C.2 — Comparison of EN ISO 5165 and EN 15195
- Figure C.3 — Comparison of DIN 51773/EN 16906 and EN 15195
- Table C.4 —Precision data for three cetane test methods on XTL and XTL/FAME blend fuels [69]
- Annex D (informative) Aromatic ILS tests
- Table D.1 — Fuels Matrix for Aromatics ILS
- Annex E (informative) Oxidation stability ILS tests
- Table E.1 — Results of the oxidation mini ILS Test for EN ISO 12205:1996 [25]
- Table E.2 — Results of the oxidation mini ILS Test for EN 15751:2009 [72]
- Annex F (informative) Cloud point and CFPP ILS tests
- F.1 Precision development
- F.2 Design of a precision study executed
- Table F.1 — Fuels used in the ILS and their estimated cold operability property
- Table F.2 — ILS matrix
- F.3 Results and conclusions
- Table F.3 — Precision results
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
