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eLibrary > PD IEC TR 62368-2:2025 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Explanatory information related to IEC 62368-1:2023 >

PD IEC TR 62368-2:2025 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Explanatory information related to IEC 62368-1:2023, 2025

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
0 Principles of this product safety standard
Figures [Go to Page]
Figure 1 – Risk reduction as given in ISO/IEC Guide 51
Figure 2 – HBSE Process Chart
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations [Go to Page]
Figure 3 – Protective bonding conductor as part of a safeguard
4 General requirements [Go to Page]
4.2 Energy source classifications
Figure 4 – Safeguards for protecting an ordinary person
Figure 6 – Safeguards for protecting a skilled person
Tables [Go to Page]
Table 1 – General summary of required safeguards
4.6 Fixing of conductors and conductive parts
4.7 Equipment for direct insertion into mains socket-outlets
4.8 Equipment containing coin or button cell batteries
4.9 Likelihood of fire or shock due to entry of conductive objects
5 Electrically-caused injury [Go to Page]
Figure 8 – Conventional time/current zones of effectsof AC currents (15 Hz to 100 Hz) on persons for a current path correspondingto left hand to feet (see IEC 60479-1:2018, Figure 20)
Figure 9 – Conventional time/current zones of effects of DC currents on persons for a longitudinal upward current path (see IEC 60479-1:2018, Figure 22)
Table 2 – Time/current zones for AC 15 Hz to 100 Hzfor hand to feet pathway (see IEC 60479-1:2018, Table 11)
Figure 10 – Illustration that limits depend on both voltage and current
Table 3 – Time/current zones for DC for hand to feet pathway (see IEC 60479-1:2018, Table 13)
Table 4 – Limit values of accessible capacitance (threshold of pain)
Table 5 – Total body resistances RT for a current path hand to hand, DC, for large surface areas of contact in dry condition
Figure 11 – Typical example
Figure 12 – Example 1
Figure 13 – Example 2
5.4 Insulation materials and requirements
Figure 14 – Flow chart for determining clearances
Figure 15 – Illustration of working voltage
Figure 16 – Illustration of transient voltages on paired conductor external circuits
Figure 17 – Illustration of transient voltages on coaxial-cable external circuits
Table 6 – Insulation requirements for external circuits
Figure 18 – Examples of transmission mode and applied conductors
Figure 19 – Basic and reinforced insulation in Table 14;ratio reinforced to basic
Figure 20 – Reinforced clearances according to Rule 1, Rule 2, and Table 14
Table 7 – Voltage drop across clearance and solid insulation in series
Figure 21 – Example illustrating accessible internal wiring
Figure 22 – Waveform on insulation without surge suppressors and no breakdown
Figure 23 – Waveforms on insulation during breakdown without surge suppressors
Figure 24 – Waveforms on insulation with surge suppressors in operation
Figure 25 – Waveform on short-circuited surge suppressor and insulation
Figure 26 – Normal operating condition
Figure 27 – Single fault condition
Figure 28 – Single fault condition; hazardous situation if 5.4.11 is not fulfilled
Figure 29 – Parts earthed in one piece of equipment
5.5 Components as safeguards
Figure 30 – Equipment 2 with connection to a network
Figure 31 – Example for an ES2 source
Figure 32 – Example for an ES3 source
5.6 Protective conductor
Figure 33 – Overview of protective conductors
5.7 Prospective touch voltage, touch current and protective conductor current
Figure 34 – Example of a typical touch current measuring network
Figure 35 – Touch current from a floating circuit
Figure 36 – Touch current from an earthed circuit
Figure 37 – Summation of touch currents in a PABX
5.8 Backfeed safeguard in battery backed up supplies
6 Electrically-caused fire [Go to Page]
6.2 Classification of power sources and potential ignition sources
6.3 Safeguards against fire under normal operating conditions and abnormal operating conditions
Figure 38 – Possible safeguards against electrically-caused fire
Table 8 – Examples of application of various safeguards
Figure 39 – Fire clause flow chart
Table 9 – Basic safeguards against fire under normal operating conditions and abnormal operating conditions
6.4 Safeguards against fire under single fault conditions
Table 10 – Supplementary safeguards against fire under single fault conditions
Table 11 – Method 1: Reduce the likelihood of ignition
Figure 40 – Prevent ignition flow chart
Figure 41 – Control fire spread summary
Figure 42 – Control fire spread PS2
Figure 43 – Control fire spread PS3
Table 12 – Method 2: Control fire spread
Figure 44 – Fire cone application to a large component
Table 13 – Fire barrier and fire enclosure flammability requirements
Table 14 – Summary – Fire enclosure and fire barrier material requirements
Figure 45 – Calculation of side opening size
6.6 Safeguards against fire due to the connection of additional equipment
7 Injury caused by hazardous substances [Go to Page]
Table 15 – Control of chemical hazards
Figure 46 – Flowchart demonstrating the hierarchy of hazard management
8 Mechanically-caused injury [Go to Page]
8.1 General
8.2 Mechanical energy source classifications
Figure 47 – Model for chemical injury
8.3 Safeguards against mechanical energy sources
8.4 Safeguards against parts with sharp edges and corners
8.5 Safeguards against moving parts
8.6 Stability of equipment
8.7 Equipment mounted to a wall, ceiling or other structure
Figure 48 – Direction of forces to be applied
8.8 Handle strength
8.9 Wheels or casters attachment requirements
8.10 Carts, stands, and similar carriers
8.11 Mounting means for slide-rail mounted equipment (SRME)
9 Thermal burn injury [Go to Page]
9.1 General
Figure 49 – Model for a burn injury
Figure 50 – Model for safeguards against thermal burn injury
Figure 51 – Model for absence of a thermal hazard
Figure 52 – Model for presence of a thermal hazard with a physical safeguard in place
9.2 Thermal energy source classifications
Figure 53 – Model for presence of a thermal hazard with behavioural safeguard in place
9.3 Touch temperature limits
Figure 54 – Direct plug in
Figure 55 – External power supply
9.4 Safeguards against thermal energy sources
9.6 Requirements for wireless power transmitters
10 Radiation [Go to Page]
10.2 Radiation energy source classifications
Figure 56 – Examples of symmetrical single coils
Figure 57 – LED parameters
Figure 58 – Flowchart for evaluation of Image projectors (beamers)
10.3 Safeguards against laser radiation
10.4 Safeguards against optical radiation from lamps and lamp systems (including LED types)
10.5 Safeguards against X-radiation
10.6 Safeguards against acoustic energy sources
Figure 59 – Graphical representation of LAeq,T
Table 16 – Overview of requirements for dose-based systems
Annexes [Go to Page]
Annex A Examples of equipment within the scope of IEC 62368-1
Annex B Normal operating condition tests, abnormal operating condition tests and single fault condition tests [Go to Page]
B.1 General – Equipment safeguards during various operating conditions
Table 17 – Overview of supply voltage [Go to Page]
B.2 – B.3 – B.4 Operating modes
Figure 60 – Overview of operating modes
Annex C UV radiation
Annex D Test generators
Annex E Test conditions for equipment intended to amplify audio signals
Annex F Equipment markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards [Go to Page]
F.3 Equipment markings
Figure 61 – Typical examples of class I equipment
Figure 62 – Typical examples of class I equipment with class II construction
Figure 63 – Typical examples of class II equipment
Figure 64 – Typical examples of class II equipment with functional earth
Figure 65 – Typical examples of class II equipment with functional earth, making use of a class I mains connector [Go to Page]
F.4 Instructions
F.5 Instructional safeguards
Figure 66 – Typical examples of class II equipment with functional earth, making use of a class I mains connector and a separate functional earthing connection
Annex G Components [Go to Page]
G.1 Switches
Figure 67 – Voltage-current characteristics (Typical data) [Go to Page]
G.7 Mains power supply cords and interconnection cables
G.8 Varistors
G.9 Integrated circuit (IC) current limiters
G.11 Capacitors and RC units
Figure 68 – Example of IC current limiter circuit
Figure 69 – Example of application of Rule 3, first dash
Figure 70 – Example of application of Rule 3, second dash
Figure 71 – Example on how to use Table G.12 [Go to Page]
G.13 Printed boards
G.14 Coatings on component terminals
G.15 Pressurized liquid filled components or LFC assemblies
Figure 72 – Decision flowchart
Figure 73 – Illustration of a self-contained LFC system
Figure 74 – Illustration of a modular LFC system
Figure 75 – Example illustration of a rack modular LFC subsystems with internal and external connections.
Figure 76 – CDU liquid cooling system within a data centre
Figure 77 – Non-CDU liquid cooling system within data centre
Annex H Criteria for telephone ringing signals [Go to Page]
H.2 Method A
Figure 78 – Current limit curves [Go to Page]
H.3 Method B
Annex J Insulated winding wires for use without interleaved insulation
Annex K Safety interlocks [Go to Page]
K.7.1 Safety interlocks
Annex L Disconnect devices
Annex M Equipment containing batteries and their protection circuits [Go to Page]
M.1 General requirements
M.2 Safety of batteries and their cells
Table 18 – Safety of batteries and their cells – requirements (expanded information on documents and scope) [Go to Page]
M.3 Protection circuits for batteries provided within the equipment
M.4 Additional safeguards for equipment containing a secondary lithium battery
Figure 79 – Example of a dummy battery circuit
Annex O Measurement of creepage distances and clearances
Annex P Safeguards against conductive objects [Go to Page]
P.1 General
P.2 Safeguards against entry or consequences of entry of a foreign object
P.3 Safeguards against spillage of internal liquids
Figure 80 – Calculating side openings [Go to Page]
P.4 Metallized coatings and adhesives securing parts
Annex Q Circuits intended for interconnection with building wiring [Go to Page]
Q.2 Test for external circuits – paired conductor cable
Annex R Limited short-circuit test
Annex S Tests for resistance to heat and fire [Go to Page]
S.1 Flammability test for fire enclosure and fire barrier materials of equipment where the steady-state power does not exceed 4 000 W
S.2 Flammability test for fire enclosure and fire barrier integrity
Figure 81 – Example of a circuit with two power sources [Go to Page]
S.3 Flammability tests for the bottom of a fire enclosure
S.4 Flammability classification of materials
S.5 Flammability test for fire enclosure materials of equipment with a steady state power exceeding 4 000 W
S.6 Grille covering material, cloth, and reticulated foam
Annex T Mechanical strength tests [Go to Page]
T.2 Steady force test, 10 N
T.3 Steady force test, 30 N
T.4 Steady force test, 100 N
T.5 Steady force test, 250 N
T.6 Enclosure impact test
T.7 Drop test
T.8 Stress relief test
T.9 Glass impact test
T.10 Glass fragmentation test
Annex U Mechanical strength of CRTs and protection against the effects of implosion [Go to Page]
U.2 Test method and compliance criteria for non-intrinsically protected CRTs
Annex V Determination of accessible parts
Annex X Alternative method for determining clearances for insulation in circuits connected to an AC mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS)
Annex Y Construction requirements for outdoor enclosures [Go to Page]
Y.3 Resistance to corrosion
Annex A (informative) Background information related to the use of surge suppressors [Go to Page]
A.1 Industry demand for incorporating surge suppressors in the equipment
Figure A.1 – Installation has poor earthing and bonding;equipment damaged (from ITUT Recommendation K.66)
Figure A.2 – Installation has poor earthing and bonding; using main earth barfor protection against lightning strike (from ITU-T Recommendation K.66) [Go to Page]
A.2 Considerations on surge suppressors bridging both sides of a safeguard
Figure A.3 – Installation with poor earthing and bonding, using a varistor
Figure A.4 – Typical example of a surge suppressor and a voltage fall [Go to Page]
A.3 Considerations on a surge suppresser used for ID1 external circuit in class II equipment
Figure A.5 – An example of surge voltage drop by an MOV and two GDTs (measured in laboratory)
Table A.1 – Permissible power-frequency stress voltage (except for US and Japan)
Table A.2 – TOV parameters for US systems quoted from IEC 61643-12:2020
Table A.3 – TOV test parameters for Japanese systems quoted from IEC 61643-12:2020
Table A.4 – Peak voltage of TOV in countries conforming to IEC 60364-4-44
Table A.5 – Peak voltage of TOV in USA
Table A.6 – Peak voltage of TOV in Japan
Table A.7 – The value of Upeak2 for major mains voltages
Figure A.6 – An example of ports of telecommunication equipment [Go to Page]
A.4 Information about follow current (or follow-on current)
Figure A.7 – V-I properties of gas discharge tubes
Figure A.8 – Holdover
Figure A.9 – Relation of the V-I characteristic of a gas discharge tube and the output characteristic of the power supply
Figure A.10 – V-I and V-t characteristics
Figure A.11 – Follow-on current pictures
Annex B (informative) Background information related to measurement of discharges – Determining the R-C discharge time constant for X and Y capacitors [Go to Page]
B.1 General
B.2 EMC filters
B.3 The safety issue and solution
Figure B.1 – Typical EMC filter schematic [Go to Page]
B.4 The requirement
B.5 100 MΩ probes
B.6 The R-C time constant and its parameters
Figure B.2 – 100 MΩ oscilloscope probes
Table B.1 – 100 MΩ oscilloscope probes
Table B.2 – Capacitor discharge
Figure B.3 – Combinations of EUT resistance and capacitance for 1 s time constant [Go to Page]
B.7 Time constant measurement.
Figure B.4 – 240 V mains followed by capacitor discharge
Figure B.5 – Time constant measurement schematic [Go to Page]
B.8 Effect of probe resistance
B.9 Effect of probe capacitance
B.10 Determining the time constant
Table B.3 – Maximum Tmeasured values for combinations of REUT and CEUT for TEUT of 1 s [Go to Page]
B.11 Conclusion
Figure B.6 – Worst-case measured time constant values for 100 MΩ and 10 MΩ probes
Annex C (informative) Background information related to resistance to candle flame ignition
Annex D (informative) Surge suppressers used between mains and an external circuit ID1as specified in Table 13
Figure D.1 – Example of circuit configuration of a surge suppresser
Bibliography [Go to Page]

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PD IEC TR 62368-2:2025 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Explanatory information related to IEC 62368-1:2023, 2025

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