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PD IEC TS 60904-1-2:2024 Photovoltaic devices - Measurement of current-voltage characteristics of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) devices, 2024
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- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 General considerations
- 5 Apparatus [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Solar simulator with adjustable irradiance levels for single-side illumination
- 5.3 Solar simulator with adjustable irradiance levels for double-side illumination
- 5.4 Natural sunlight
- 5.5 Non-irradiated background
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Two reference devices (described in IEC 60904-2) to measure irradiance on front and rear sides of device under test during outdoor measurements
- Figure 2 – Scheme of a bifacial PV module and the required non-irradiated background and aperture
- 5.6 Temperature sensors
- 6 Additional I-V characterisations for bifacial devices [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General
- Figure 3 – Suggested points to measure the irradiance at the rear face of a PV module with 72 cells
- 6.2 Determination of bifaciality
- Figure 4 – Front and rear-side characterization of bifaciality
- 6.3 Determination of the rear irradiance power gain [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Outdoor rear irradiance power gain measurement
- 6.3.3 Indoor rear irradiance power gain measurement with single-side illumination
- Figure 5 – Examples of Pmax as a function of irradiance level on the rear side Gr (for outdoor or double-side illumination) or its one-side equivalent irradiance Ge for a device of bifaciality φISC = 89 %
- Table 1 – Maximum power, Pmax, measured at different rear irradiances, Gr, (double-sided with Gf = 1 000 Wm-2) or alternatively equivalent front irradiances, GE, and the rear irradiance driven power gain yield, BiFi, derived from the slope of the linear fit on Pmax(Gr) [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- 6.3.4 Indoor rear irradiance power gain measurement with double-side illumination
- 7 I-V characterisation of bifacial PV devices in practice [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 I-V measurement of bifacial PV devices
- 7.3 I-V measurement of bifacial PV devices using a reference bifacial device
- Figure 6 – Transmittances of the device (TDUT) and its encapsulant (TENC)
- Figure 7 – Example of Pmax,BNPI derived from the measurement of Pmax at STC conditions, Pmax,STC and the BiFi coefficient of the reference used in Formula (10)
- Table 2 – Example of Pmax,BNPI derived from the measurement at STC conditions (Gr = 0 and Gf = 1 000) and the rear irradiance power gain obtained from the bifacial reference device, BiFiref
- 8 Report
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
