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eLibrary >
FEMA P-259 - Engineering Principles and Practices of Retofitting Floodprone Structures, Third Edition >
FEMA P-259 - Engineering Principles and Practices of Retofitting Floodprone Structures, Third Edition, 2012
- Cover
- About the Cover
- Title Page
- Acknowledgments
- Contents [Go to Page]
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- List of Equations
- FEMA259_Ch1.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 1. Introduction to Retrofitting [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Goals and Intended Users
- 1.2 Organization of the Manual
- 1.3 Methods of Retrofitting [Go to Page]
- 1.3.1 Elevation [Go to Page]
- 1.3.1.1 Elevation on Solid Perimeter Foundation Walls
- 1.3.1.2 Elevation on Open Foundation Systems
- 1.3.2 Relocation
- 1.3.3 Dry Floodproofing
- 1.3.4 Wet Floodproofing
- 1.3.5 Floodwalls and Levees
- 1.4 Considerations When Retrofitting
- 1.5 Retrofitting Process [Go to Page]
- 1.5.1 Other Retrofitting Guides
- FEMA259_Ch2.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 2. Regulatory Requirements [Go to Page]
- 2.1 National Flood Insurance Program [Go to Page]
- 2.1.1 Flood Hazard Information [Go to Page]
- 2.1.1.1 Flood Insurance Rate Maps
- 2.1.1.2 Flood Insurance Studies
- 2.1.2 Floodplain Management Regulations
- 2.1.3 Insurance Program
- 2.1.4 NFIP Flood-Prone Building Performance Requirements
- 2.2 Community Regulations and the Permitting Process
- 2.3 National Model Building Codes
- 2.4 Consensus Standards
- FEMA259_Ch3.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 3. Parameters of Retrofitting [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Determination of Homeowner Preferences [Go to Page]
- 3.1.1 The Initial Homeowner Meeting
- 3.1.2 Initial Site Visit
- 3.1.3 Aesthetic Concerns
- 3.1.4 Economic Considerations
- 3.1.5 Risk Considerations
- 3.1.6 Accessibility for Individuals with Special Needs
- 3.2 Community Regulations and Permitting [Go to Page]
- 3.2.1 Local Codes
- 3.2.2 Building Systems/Code Upgrades
- 3.2.3 Off-Site Flooding Impacts
- 3.3 Technical Parameters [Go to Page]
- 3.3.1 Flooding Characteristics [Go to Page]
- 3.3.1.1 Flood Depth and Elevation
- 3.3.1.2 Flood Flow Velocity
- 3.3.1.3 Flood Frequency
- 3.3.1.4 Rates of Rise and Fall
- 3.3.1.5 Flood Duration
- 3.3.1.6 Debris Impact
- 3.3.2 Site Characteristics [Go to Page]
- 3.3.2.1 Site Location
- 3.3.2.2 Vulnerability to Erosion
- 3.3.2.3 Soil Type
- 3.3.3 Building Characteristics [Go to Page]
- 3.3.3.1 Substructure
- 3.3.3.2 Superstructure
- 3.3.3.3 Support Services
- 3.3.3.4 Building Construction
- 3.3.3.5 Building Condition
- 3.4 Balancing Historic Preservation With Flood Protection
- 3.5 Multiple Hazards [Go to Page]
- 3.5.1 Earthquake Forces
- 3.5.2 Wind Forces
- FEMA259_Ch4.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 4. Determination of Hazards [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Analysis of Flood-Related Hazards [Go to Page]
- 4.1.1 Determining Flood Elevations [Go to Page]
- 4.1.1.1 Riverine Areas
- 4.1.1.2 Coastal Areas
- 4.1.2 Flood Forces and Loads [Go to Page]
- 4.1.2.1 Flood Depth and Floodproofing Design Depth
- 4.1.2.2 Hydrostatic Forces
- 4.1.2.3 Lateral Hydrostatic Forces
- 4.1.2.4 Saturated Soil Forces
- 4.1.2.5 Combined Saturated Soil and Water Forces
- 4.1.2.6 Vertical Hydrostatic Forces
- 4.1.2.7 Hydrodynamic Forces
- 4.1.2.8 High Velocity Hydrodynamic Forces
- 4.1.2.9 Impact Loads
- 4.1.2.10 Riverine Erosion
- 4.1.3 Site Drainage
- 4.1.4 Movable Bed Streams
- 4.1.5 Analysis of Non-Flood-Related Hazards
- 4.1.6 Wind Forces
- 4.1.7 Seismic Forces
- 4.1.8 Combining Forces
- 4.1.9 Protection of the Structure
- 4.1.10 Protection of Non-Structural Building Components and Building Contents
- 4.1.11 Land Subsidence
- 4.2 Geotechnical Considerations [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Allowable Bearing Capacity
- 4.2.2 Scour Potential [Go to Page]
- 4.2.2.1 Frost Zone Considerations
- 4.2.2.2 Permeability
- 4.2.2.3 Shrink-Swell Potential
- FEMA259_Ch5.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 5. General Design Practices [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Field Investigation [Go to Page]
- 5.1.1 Local Building Requirements
- 5.1.2 Surveys
- 5.1.3 Structure Survey
- 5.1.4 Topographic Survey
- 5.1.5 Site Utilities Survey
- 5.1.6 Hazard Determinations
- 5.1.7 Documentation of Existing Building Systems
- 5.1.8 Homeowner Preferences
- 5.1.9 Homeowner Coordination
- 5.1.10 Maintenance Programs and Emergency Action Plans
- 5.2 Analysis of Existing Structure [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 Structural Reconnaissance
- 5.2.2 Footings and Foundation Systems
- 5.2.3 Bearing Capacity of Footings
- 5.2.4 Bearing Capacity of Foundation Walls
- 5.2.5 Lateral Loads
- 5.2.6 Vertical Loads
- 5.2.7 Dead Loads
- 5.2.8 Live Loads
- 5.2.9 Roof Snow Loads
- 5.2.10 Calculation of Vertical, Dead, Live, and Snow Loads
- 5.2.11 Capacity versus Loading
- 5.2.12 Load Combination Scenarios
- 5.2.13 Strength Design Method
- 5.2.14 Allowable Stress Method
- FEMA259_Ch5D.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 5D. Dry Floodproofing [Go to Page]
- 5D.1 Emergency Operations Plan
- 5D.2 Inspection and Maintenance Plan
- 5D.3 Sealants and Shields
- 5D.4 Field Investigation
- 5D.5 Confirm Structure is Designed to Accommodate Dry Floodproofing Measures
- 5D.6 Selection and Design of Sealant Systems [Go to Page]
- 5D.6.1 Coatings
- 5D.6.2 Wrapped Systems
- 5D.6.3 Brick Veneer Systems
- 5D.7 Selection and Design of Shield Systems [Go to Page]
- 5D.7.1 Plate Shields
- 5D.8 Construction Considerations for Sealants and Shields
- 5D.9 Drainage Collection Systems [Go to Page]
- 5D.9.1 French Drains
- 5D.9.2 Exterior Underdrain Systems
- 5D.9.3 Interior Drain System
- 5D.9.4 Types of Sump Pumps
- 5D.9.5 Infiltration versus Inundation
- 5D.9.6 Coordination with Other Floodproofing Methods
- 5D.9.7 Field Investigation
- 5D.9.8 Design
- 5D.10 Backflow Valves [Go to Page]
- 5D.10.1 Field Investigation
- 5D.10.2 Design
- 5D.11 Emergency Power [Go to Page]
- 5D.11.1 Field Investigation
- 5D.11.2 Design
- 5D.11.3 Construction
- 5D.12 Non-Residential Construction [Go to Page]
- 5D.12.1 Permanent Closure of Openings
- 5D.12.2 Watertight Core Areas
- 5D.12.3 Enhanced Flood Shields
- 5D.12.4 Moveable Floodwalls
- 5D.12.5 Pressure Relief Systems
- FEMA259_Ch5E.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 5E. Elevation [Go to Page]
- 5E.1 Types of Residential Structures that Can Be Elevated [Go to Page]
- 5E.1.1 Houses Over a Crawlspace
- 5E.1.2 Houses Over Basements [Go to Page]
- 5E.1.2.1 Design of Openings in Foundation Walls for Intentional Flooding of Enclosed Areas Below the DFE
- 5E.1.3 Houses on Piers, Columns, or Piles
- 5E.1.4 Slab-on-Grade Houses [Go to Page]
- 5E.1.4.1 Elevating a Slab-on-Grade Wood-Frame House
- 5E.1.4.2 Elevating a Slab-on-Grade Masonry House
- 5E.1.5 Heavy Building Materials/Complex Design
- 5E.2 Field Investigation Concerns [Go to Page]
- 5E.2.1 Property Inspection and Existing Data Review
- 5E.2.2 Code Search
- 5E.3 Design
- 5E.4 Construction Considerations [Go to Page]
- 5E.4.1 Slab-on-Grade House, Not Raising Slab with House
- 5E.4.2 Slab-on-Grade House, Raising Slab
- 5E.4.3 House Over Crawlspace/Basement
- 5E.4.4 House on Piers, Columns, or Piles
- FEMA259_Ch5F.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 5F. Floodwalls and Levees [Go to Page]
- 5F.1 Floodwalls [Go to Page]
- 5F.1.1 Types of Floodwalls [Go to Page]
- 5F.1.1.1 Gravity Floodwall
- 5F.1.1.2 Cantilever Floodwall
- 5F.1.1.3 Buttressed Floodwall
- 5F.1.1.4 Counterfort Floodwall
- 5F.1.2 Field Investigation for Floodwalls
- 5F.1.3 Floodwall Design [Go to Page]
- 5F.1.3.1 Floodwall Design (Selection and Sizing)
- 5F.1.3.2 Floodwall Design (Simplified Approach)
- 5F.1.4 Floodwall Appurtenances [Go to Page]
- 5F.1.4.1 Floodwall Closures
- 5F.1.4.2 Drainage Systems
- 5F.1.5 Floodwall Seepage and Leakage [Go to Page]
- 5F.1.5.1 Seepage Through the Floodwall
- 5F.1.5.2 Seepage Under the Floodwall
- 5F.1.5.3 Leakage Between the Floodwall and Residence
- 5F.1.6 Floodwall Architectural Details
- 5F.1.7 Floodwall Construction
- 5F.2 Levees [Go to Page]
- 5F.2.1 Levee Field Investigation
- 5F.2.2 Levee Design [Go to Page]
- 5F.2.2.1 Standard Levee Design Criteria
- 5F.2.2.2 Initial Levee Design Phases
- 5F.2.3 Levee Seepage Concerns [Go to Page]
- 5F.2.3.1 Scouring/Levee Slope Protection
- 5F.2.3.2 Interior Levee Drainage
- 5F.2.3.3 Levee Maintenance
- 5F.2.3.4 Levee Cost
- 5F.2.4 Levee Construction [Go to Page]
- 5F.2.4.1 Levee Soil Suitability
- 5F.2.4.2 Levee Compaction Requirements
- 5F.2.4.3 Levee Settlement Allowance
- 5F.2.4.4 Levee Borrow Area Restrictions
- 5F.2.4.5 Access Across Levee
- FEMA259_Ch5R.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 5R. Relocation [Go to Page]
- 5R.1 Step 1: Select the House Moving Contractor
- 5R.2 Step 2: Analyze the Existing Site and Structure
- 5R.3 Step 3: Select, Analyze, and Design the New Site
- 5R.4 Step 4: Prepare the Existing Site
- 5R.5 Step 5: Analyze and Prepare the Moving Route
- 5R.6 Step 6: Prepare the Structure
- 5R.7 Step 7: Prepare the New Site
- 5R.8 Step 8: Move the Structure
- 5R.9 Step 9: Restore the Old Site
- FEMA259_Ch5W.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 5W. Wet Floodproofing [Go to Page]
- 5W.1 Protection of the Structure [Go to Page]
- 5W.1.1 Foundations
- 5W.1.2 Cavity Walls
- 5W.1.3 Solid Walls
- 5W.2 Use of Flood-Resistant Materials
- 5W.3 Building Operations and Maintenance Procedures and Emergency Preparedness Plans [Go to Page]
- 5W.3.1 Flood Warning System
- 5W.3.2 Inspection and Maintenance Plan
- 5W.3.3 Emergency Operations Plan
- 5W.3.4 Protection of Utility Systems
- 5W.4 Elevation
- 5W.5 In-Place Protection
- 5W.6 Field Investigation
- 5W.7 Design Overview
- 5W.8 Electrical Systems
- 5W.9 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems
- 5W.10 Fuel Supply/Storage Systems
- 5W.11 Water Systems
- 5W.12 Sewer Systems
- 5W.13 Calculation of Buoyancy Forces
- 5W.14 Construction/Implementation
- FEMA259_Ch6.pdf [Go to Page]
- Chapter 6. Case Studies [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Case Study #1: Residential Retrofit in Riverine Floodplain Using Elevation or Relocation [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1 Description of Property
- 6.1.2 Structure Information
- 6.1.3 Retrofit Options Selection
- 6.1.4 Load Calculations
- 6.1.5 Supporting Documentation
- 6.1.6 Real World Examples
- 6.2 Case Study #2: Residential Retrofit in Coastal A Zone Using Elevation or Acquisition [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 Description of Property
- 6.2.2 Structure Information
- 6.2.3 Retrofit Options Selection
- 6.2.4 Load Calculations
- 6.2.5 Supporting Documentation
- 6.2.6 Real World Examples
- 6.3 Case Study #3: Residential Retrofit Outside of the Floodplain Using Dry or Wet Floodproofing [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 Description of Property
- 6.3.2 Structure Information
- 6.3.3 Retrofit Options Selection
- 6.3.4 Load Calculations
- 6.3.5 Supporting Documentation
- 6.3.6 Real World Examples
- 6.4 Case Study #4: Residential Retrofit Outside of the Floodplain Using Floodwalls or Levees [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 Description of Property
- 6.4.2 Structure Information
- 6.4.3 Retrofit Options Selection
- 6.4.4 Load Calculations
- 6.4.5 Drainage Requirements
- 6.4.6 Supporting Documentation
- 6.4.7 Real World Examples
- FEMA259_Appendices.pdf [Go to Page]
- Appendix A. Sources of FEMA Funding [Go to Page]
- A.1 Increased Cost of Compliance Coverage (ICC)
- A.2 FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Programs [Go to Page]
- A.2.1 Stage 1. Mitigation Planning
- A.2.2 Stage 2. Program Funding
- A.2.3 Stage 3. Application Development
- A.2.4 Stage 4. Project Implementation
- A.2.5 Stage 5. Project Closeout
- A.3 Resources
- A.4 References
- FEMA259_App-B.pdf [Go to Page]
- Appendix B. Understanding the FEMA Benefit-Cost Analysis Process [Go to Page]
- B.1 Risk
- B.2 Benefits
- B.3 Estimating Benefits
- B.4 FEMA BCA Software
- FEMA259_App-C.pdf [Go to Page]
- Appendix C. Sample Design Calculations [Go to Page]
- Elevation
- Dry Floodproofing
- Wet Floodproofing
- Floodwalls and Levees
- FEMA259_App-D.pdf [Go to Page]
- Appendix D. Alluvial Fan Flooding [Go to Page]
- D.1 Alluvial Fan Flooding Basics
- D.2 Alluvial Fan Flooding Hazards
- D.3 Regulatory Framework and Building Code Issues for Alluvial Fans
- D.4 Design Considerations for Retrofitting in Alluvial Fan Flooding Areas [Go to Page]
- D.4.1 Relocation
- D.4.2 Elevation
- D.4.3 Floodwalls and Levees
- D.4.4 Building Reinforcement
- D.4.5 Dry Floodproofing
- D.4.6 Other Techniques
- D.4.7 Relevant Equations for Computation
- D.5 References
- FEMA259_App-F.pdf [Go to Page]
- Appendix F. Other Resources [Go to Page]
- Links to FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) Funding Programs
- Links to FEMA Building Science Publications and Resources
- Building Codes and Standards
- Links to Other Resources
- Links to State and Regional Contacts
- FEMA259_App-G.pdf [Go to Page]
- Appendix G. Summary of NFIP Requirements and Best Practices [Go to Page]
- General Requirements
- Elevation
- Foundation
- Enclosures Below Elevated Buildings
- Utilities
- Certification
- Other
- Notes
- Acronyms
- References
- FEMA259_App-H.pdf [Go to Page]
- Appendix H. Acronyms [Go to Page]
- A
- B
- C
- D
- F
- G
- H
- I
- K
- L
- M
- N
- P
- R
- S
- T
- U [Go to Page]
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