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ISO 16645:2016 Radiological protection - Medical electron accelerators - Requirements and recommendations for shielding design and evaluation >
ISO 16645:2016 Radiological protection - Medical electron accelerators - Requirements and recommendations for shielding design and evaluation, 2016
- Foreword
- Introduction
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 3.1 Quantities
- 3.2 Definitions
- 4 Shielding design goals and other design criteria
- 4.1 Shielding design goals
- 4.2 Shielding design assumptions
- 5 Role of the manufacturers, of the radiation protection officer or qualified expert and interactions between stakeholders
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Linear accelerator manufacturer
- 5.3 Shielding material vendor
- 5.4 Architectural firm/general contractor
- 5.5 Radiation protection officer or qualified expert
- 5.6 The licensee
- 6 Radiation fields around a linear electron accelerator
- 6.1 General
- 6.2 X-ray radiation
- 6.2.1 Primary X-ray beam
- 6.2.2 Primary electron beam bremsstrahlung
- 6.2.3 Secondary X-ray radiation
- 6.2.4 Tertiary X-ray radiation
- 6.3 Neutron radiation
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Direct neutron radiation
- 6.3.3 Scattered and thermal neutron radiation
- 6.3.4 Primary barrier neutron radiation
- 6.4 γ radiation
- 6.4.1 General
- 6.4.2 Maze γ radiation
- 6.4.3 Door γ radiation
- 6.4.4 Primary barrier γ radiation
- 6.4.5 Air γ radiation
- 7 Shielding materials and transmission values
- 8 General formalism for shielding calculation
- 9 Shielding calculation for conventional devices
- 9.1 General
- 9.2 Primary barriers
- 9.2.1 Radiation components
- 9.2.2 Barrier with a unique material
- 9.2.3 Barrier with multiple layers
- 9.3 Secondary barriers
- 9.3.1 Radiation components
- 9.3.2 Barrier with a unique material
- 9.3.3 Barriers with multiple layers
- 10 Doors and mazes
- 10.1 General
- 10.2 Radiation components
- 10.3 Standard maze
- 10.3.1 Maze X-ray scatter calculations
- 10.3.2 X-ray direct Leakage
- 10.3.3 Maze neutron and capture gamma calculations
- 10.4 Two legged maze
- 10.5 No maze - Direct-shielded doors
- 10.5.1 General
- 10.5.2 Shielding at the far side of a direct-shielded door entrance
- 10.5.3 Shielding at the near side of a direct-shielded door entrance
- 10.6 No door at maze entrance
- 10.7 Door Calculations
- 10.7.1 General
- 10.7.2 Maze door calculations
- 10.7.3 Direct Shielded Door Calculations
- 11 Shielding calculations for special devices
- 11.1 General
- 11.2 Robotic arm accelerator
- 11.3 Helical intensity modulated radiotherapy
- 11.4 Dedicated device for intra operative radiotherapy with electrons
- 12 Ducts
- 12.1 Duct impact on radiation protection
- 12.2 Recommended location and geometry
- 12.3 Additional shielding
- 12.3.1 General
- 12.3.2 Neutron and capture gamma radiation passing through the interior of the shielded duct
- 12.3.3 X scattered radiation passing through the interior of the shielded duct
- 12.3.4 Scattered radiation passing through the walls of the duct shielding
- 12.3.5 Dose equivalent at HVAC duct exterior opening
- 13 Special considerations
- 13.1 Skyshine
- 13.1.1 General
- 13.1.2 X-ray skyshine radiation
- 13.1.3 Neutron skyshine radiation
- 13.2 Groundshine radiations
- 13.3 Joints and junctions
- 14 Shielding evaluation (experimental verification)
- 14.1 General
- 14.2 Measuring equipment and methodology
- 14.3 Evaluation
- 15 Indication, warning signs, interlocks
- Annex A (informative) Tenth value layers for the most common shielding materials
- Annex B (informative) Supporting data for shielding calculations
- Annex C (informative) Example of calculation for conventional device and standard maze
- Bibliography [Go to Page]